Archaeology Is a Great Research Paper Option

Lets face it--one of the toughest jobs of the student is to find a research paper topic, especially if your professor has assigned you a term paper with an open-ended subject. May I recommend archaeology as a starting point? People generally think of archaeology as simply a set of methods: Have trowel, will travel is the theme song for many an archaeological field worker. But in fact, the results of two hundred years of fieldwork and laboratory research means that archaeology is the study of a million years of human behavior, and as such it intersects evolution, anthropology, history, geology, geography, politics, and sociology. And thats just a start. In fact, archaeologys breadth is why I was drawn to the study in the first place. You can just about study anything--even molecular physics or computer science--and still be a working archaeologist. After more than fifteen years running this website, Ive built a number of places which you can use as a jumping off point to a fascinating paper, whether you are studying in the field of archaeology or outside of it. And with any luck, you can have fun doing it. I have organized the resources for this website using a broad areal coverage of world history, and in the meantime Ive developed a handful of encyclopedic directories that will help you in your search for the perfect paper topic. In each pocket youll find tidbits about ancient cultures and their archaeological sites compiled from provided references and other suggestions for further research. Somebody should benefit from my particular brand of lunacy! The History of Humans on Planet Earth The History of Humanity includes information on archaeological studies beginning with the very first stone tools of our human ancestors in the Stone Age of 2.5 million years ago, ends with medieval societies about 1500 AD and includes everything in between. Here youll find information on our human ancestors (2.5 million-20,000 years ago), as well as hunter-gatherers (20,000-12,000 years ago), first farming societies (12,000-5,000 years ago), early civilizations (3000-1500 BC), ancient empires (1500-0 BC), developing states (AD 0-1000) and the medieval period (1000-1500 AD). Ancient Civilizations Dont miss my collection of Ancient Civilizations, which brings together resources and ideas on Egypt, Greece, Persia, the Near East, the Incan and Aztec Empires, the Khmer, Indus and Islamic Civilizations, the Roman Empire, the Vikings and the Moche and the Minoans and others too many to mention. Domestication Histories Food naturally fascinates all of us: and more to the point, archaeology is the main source of information about how the domestication of the animals and plants that make up our meals came about. Over the last couple of decades, with the addition of genetic studies, what weve understood about the timing and process of animal and plant domestication has changed greatly. I recommend that you can get a taste of what science has learned about when and how we domesticated cattle, cats and camels, or chickpeas, chiles and chenopodium, can be found linked from the Tables of Animal Domestication and Plant Domestication, and the scientific literature I used to write those articles can serve as starting points for a possible paper. The World Atlas of Archaeology Want to study a particular continent or region? The World Atlas of Archaeology is a great place to kick off your investigations: it is an atlas of archaeological sites and cultures in the world sorted by modern geographic continent and political country boundaries.   The Ancient Daily Life pages includes links to archaeological investigations of roads and writing, battle sites and ancient houses, prehistoric tools and climate change. Scientist Biographies Interested in writing a biography of a famous archaeologist? Then the Biographies in Archaeology should be the starting place for you. There are nearly 500 biographical sketches listed in the Biographies pocket so far. In there youll also find a Women in Archaeology section. I segregated the women out for my own nefarious purposes, and you might as well take advantage of it. A Vast Glossary of Ideas Another resource for piquing your interest is the Archaeology Dictionary, which includes over 1,600 entries of cultures, archaeological sites, theories and other tidbits of archaeological information. I recommend that you simply pick a letter at random and scroll down through the entries. Some of the entries are full-fledged articles; others are short definitions, covering nearly twenty years of my exploration in archaeology, and I bet anything that something will pique your interest. Once youve chosen your topic, you can begin searching for information on which to write your essay. Good luck! More Tips for Writing Research Papers How to Conduct Background Research for a PaperTop Steps to Writing a Research Paper

20 Poems About Motherhood

The 2019 Length Limit for the Common Application Essay

Students applying to colleges that use the Common Application will typically need to respond to one of seven essay prompts. For the 2019-20 application cycle, the length limit for the essay is 650 words. That limit includes the essay title, notes, and any other text that you include in the essay text box. Fast Facts: The Common Application Length Requirements Your essay needs to be between 250 and 650 words long.You cant go over the limit—the online form will cut you off at 650 words.The length includes the title, notes, and any other text you include in the online form.Use your 650 words to tell a focused story and help the admissions folks get to know you. History of the Common Application Length Limit For years the Common Application had no length limit, and applicants and counselors frequently debated whether a tight 450-word essay was a wiser approach than a detailed 900-word piece. In 2011, that decision was taken away as the Common Application moved to a relatively short 500-word limit. With the August 2013 release of CA4 (the current version of the Common Application), the guidelines changed once again. CA4 set the limit at 650 words with a minimum of 250 words. And unlike earlier versions of the Common Application, the length limit is now enforced by the application form. No longer can applicants attach an essay that goes over the limit. Instead, applicants will need to enter the essay into a text box that counts words and prevents entering anything beyond 650 words. What Can You ​Accomplish in 650 Words? Even if you take advantage of the full length available to you, keep in mind that 650 words is not a long essay. Its roughly the equivalent of a two-page, double-spaced essay. Its about the same length as this article on essay length. Most essays  tend to be between three and eight paragraphs depending on the applicants writing style and essay strategy (essays with dialogue, of course, might have far more paragraphs). As you plan your essay, you definitely want to keep the length requirement in mind. Many applicants attempt to do too much with their essays and then struggle to edit them down to 650 words. Realize the purpose of the personal statement is not to tell your life story or to give an exhaustive overview of all of your accomplishments. Let your list of extracurricular activities, academic record, letters of recommendation, and supplemental essays and materials show your range of accomplishments. The personal statement is not the place for long lists or catalogs of achievement. To write an engaging and effective 650 word or shorter essay, you need to have a sharp focus. Narrate a single event, or illuminate a single passion or talent. Whichever essay prompt you choose, make sure you zero in on a specific example that you narrate in an engaging and thoughtful way. Allow enough space for self reflection so that whatever your topic is you spend at least some time talking about its significance to you. Again, use the essay to narrate an engaging story. Make sure it highlights something you care about deeply, and be sure to provide a window into your interests or personality that isnt already obvious from the rest of your application. A Final Word About Essay Length With the primary Common Application essay, you will need to come in at 650 words or fewer. However, you will find that most supplemental essays on the Common Application have different length guidelines, and colleges that dont use the Common Application will have differing length requirements. No matter what the circumstances, make sure you follow the guidelines. If an essay should be 350 words, dont write 370. Learn more about some of the issues related to essay length in this article:  College Application Essay Length Limits. Finally, keep in mind that what you say and how you say it is far more important than whether you have 550 words or 650 words. Be sure to attend to your essays style, and in most cases youre going to want to avoid these ten bad essay topics. If youve said all you have to say in 500 words, dont try to pad your essay to make it longer. Regardless of length, and even if yours is a transfer essay, the best writing will tell a compelling story, provide insight to your character and interests, and are written with crisp and engaging prose.

War of 1812 Essay examples - 866 Words

The War of 1812 American frigates won a series of single-ship engagements with British frigates, and American privateers continually hurried British shipping. The captains and crew of the frigates constitution and United States became renowned throughout America. Meanwhile, the British gradually tightened a blockade around Americas coasts, ruining American trade, threatening American finances, and exposing the entire coastline to British attack. U.S. forces were not ready for war, and American hopes of conquering Canada collapsed in the campaigns of 1812 and 1813. The initial plan called for a three-pronged offensive: from Lake Champlain to Montreal; across the Niagara frontier: and into Upper Canada from Detroit. The attacks were†¦show more content†¦In this battle, the great Shawnee chief Tecumseh, who had harassed the northwestern frontier since 1811, was killed while fighting on the British side. The situation was particularly serious for the United States because the country was bankrupt by the fall of 1814, and in New England opponents of the war were discussing separation from the Union. The Hartford Convention that met in Connecticut in December 1814 and January 1815 stopped short of such an extreme step but suggested a number of constitutional amendments to restrict federal power. Like its beginning, the end of the War of 1812 much depended on what transpired in Europe. With Napoleon defeated, the British could siphon their forces off to North America. This meant invasion and possible defeat of the United States. For Britain, this meant security for Canada and the possibility of a more favorable bargaining position in case of a peace settlement. However, the negotiations that followed Napoleons defeat also needed the presence of British troops. Thus, the entire army could not simply be transported to North America. Some warships had to stay behind to defend merchant vessels against privateers. As well, Britain had been at war with Napoleon for twenty years. Exhausted by the war, the idea of more fighting with the United States would soon become unpopular with the people. As a result, demandShow MoreRelatedThe War of 1812672 Words   |  3 PagesThe War of 1812 was caused by the many conflicts with Great Britain and France. Even though the United States had made many efforts to stay out of the Napoleonic Wars, the conflict was not avoided. The United States had three primary reasons for declaring war: impressments and violations of trading rights, Indian conflicts, and a desire for western territory. For many years Great Britain and France violated the United States’ neutral shipping rights by confiscating American ships and impressingRead MoreWar of 18121643 Words   |  7 PagesThe War of 1812 was a war between Britain and the United States fought primarily in Upper Canada. It had many causes, few which involved British North America. The results of the war include the fact that there was no clear winner or loser among them. The only real losers in the situation were the Natives in the region. They were driven out of their lands and customs. None of the borders was changed by the war, though many attempts were made. The Treaty of Ghent, which ended the war, did nothingRead MoreThe War Of 1812867 Words   |  4 PagesThe build up to the War of 1812 began nearly a decade prior to the start of the military action. Jefferson and the Republican vision slashed spending and government all around, leaving the military depleted and operating on Jefferson s â€Å"Gun Boat Diplomacy,† which meant America had just enough boats to protect American coasts but not enough to partake in any offshore activities. This left America vulnerable to the tactics employed by the British when combat resumed between England and France, andRead More War of 1812 Essay1612 Words   |  7 Pagesnbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The War of 1812 was a war between Britain and the United States fought primarily in Upper Canada. It had many causes, few which involved British North America. The results of the war include the fact that there was no clear winner or loser among them. The only real losers in the situation were the Natives in the region. They were driven out of their lands and customs. None of the borders was changed by the war, though many attempts were made. The Treaty of Ghent, which ended the war, did nothingRead More The War of 1812 Essay1090 Words   |  5 Pages The War of 1812 was fought between the United States and England. Ending in 1815 with the Treaty o f Ghent, the war did not accomplish any of the issues it was being fought over. For the US, the War of 1812 seemed to just be one failure after another. Although the military suffered great failure during the war, these were the direct consequence of the failure of the citizens to unite for the causes of the war. Because of these failures, it is quite valid to call the War of 1812 quot;Americas worst-foughtRead More The War of 1812 Essay1307 Words   |  6 PagesThe War Of 1812 The War of 1812 took place while president James Madison was in office. Madison was born in Orange County, Virginia in 1751. He attended the College of New Jersey, which is now well known as Princeton. Madison did many significant things both before and after he was in office. He participated in the framing of the Virginia Constitution, served in the Continental Congress and he was also a leader in the Virginia Assembly. One of his major contributions was a ratification to the ConstitutionRead MoreThe Battle Of The War Of 18121487 Words   |  6 PagesThe War of 1812 had many tremendous battles that featured the newly formed American Army verse the well-established British forces. The Americans were forced to declare war of the British because the British refused to stop interfering with American trade, impressment of American sailor, and support for Indian attacks on new American settlements. The United States had to quickly The Battle of Baltimore was the most significant battl e in the War of 1812 because it drove back the British Navy intoRead MoreCause Of The War Of 18121643 Words   |  7 PagesCauses of the War of 1812 Introduction Horsman pg 14 It is easier to show why America should have gone to war in 1807 or 1809 rather than in 1812 Pg 18 It was not the achievement of independence but the outbreak of war between England and France in 1793 that ultimately lead to the war of 1812 Pg 24 Threat of Invasion England went back to war with france in 1803. Napoleon was determined to defeat England on her own soil and never again until the summer of 1940 was England so near invasion andRead MoreThe War Of 1812 And The British War Essay1650 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction War of 1812 was a conflict between the United States of America forces and the British Empire. Because the British feared that trade with the United States was harmful for the battle with France, they ended up restricting trade between them. Additionally, the British forces feared that the United States’ forces wanted to set up an Indian State in the West in order to maintain a strong influence in the region. This explains why more than 10,000 Native American engaged in fighting on theRead More War of 1812 Essay1342 Words   |  6 Pages The War of 1812 nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The United States of America began to see the effects of Anglo-French War by the early 1800s. This European quarrel began affecting the United States shipping industry. Britain and France were violating neutral shipping rights of American merchants. They thought of America as weak due to inadequate time the nation had to develop. These violations were the first and primary provoking factors that led to war with Britain. There was reason that Britain

Role of Students in the Purification of the Society Free Essays

TOPIC: Role of students in the purification of the society. TABLE OF CONTENTS TOPIC: Role of students in the purification of the society * Purpose of education. * Students and their role in the society. We will write a custom essay sample on Role of Students in the Purification of the Society or any similar topic only for you Order Now * Current situation of the society. * Students’ reformers in the past. * Students’ role in the purification of the society. * Conclusion * Refrences ‘’IN THE NAME OF ALLAH ALMIGHTY WHO IS THE MOST GRACIOUS AND MERCIFULL’’ TOPIC: Role of students in the purification of the society â€Å"Those who know cannot be like the ones who do not know. Of course, knowledge and ignorance are like light and darkness which can never be alike. †(Holy QURAN) There are a vast no of students who are studying in thousands of schools, colleges universities. These students can plays a very significant role in the re-building and reconstruction of our nation. This can only happen if their energies are properly channelized. The students had also played in a very important role in the constructive growth of society. The students possess immense youth power. The role of student in a society entails various things. They must should concentrate on studies so that they develop into well-educated individuals that make significant contributions to the society in the future. They must pass on whatever knowledge they have to others. This can take on many forms ranging from helping your siblings to creating awareness about environmental issues such as global warming. They should act as responsible individuals which means to steer clear of any unlawful activities. Students should try and refrain themselves from all such activities for their benefit as well as the society. They must should do their best what they can to protect their environment and society. Students should avoid littering places and should try to invest a few hours into community services if possible so that it could help them to play a constructive part of Their selves in the society so that they are able to face the challenges of life in positive manner. Students should also behave respectfully to the elders of the society and take care of their needs i. e. help an elder to cross a road; stand up and make space for an elder to sit if there is none. By doing little deeds of kindness students could bring reforms in the whole society. The history is full of such examples that whenever a group of students take an initiative then it became the voice of whole nation. Our youth is very much capable and enthusiastic of doing so and by using their mental approach they can convert impossible to possible but for the purification of society students must should be channelized in such a way so that they could be able to play their part for the constructiveness and betterment of society. PURPOSE OF EDUCATION: Education has a great social importance specially in the modern, complex industrialized societies. Philosophers of all periods, beginning with ancient stages, devoted to it a great deal of attention. Some of the significant functions of role of education in society are 1. To complete the socialization process. 2. To transmit the central heritage 3. The formation of social personality. 4. Reformation of attitude. 5. It encourages the spirit of competition. 6. Acts as integrative force that unites different sections of society. 7. Enhances civic sense and rational approach in an individual. . Improve the quality and efficiency of provision and outcomes 9. Promote equity and active citizenship 10. Enhance innovation and creativity at all levels of education and training. Students and their role in society: Every individual has an obligation towards the society. Students is particular can do a lot in this regard. The role of students in a society includes various things. Firstly concentr ate on studies so that they develop into well-educated individual. The next step is to pass on whatever knowledge they have to other creating awareness. A student plays a vital role in the development of society. They developed the society by improving their skills in knowledge of the country. Current situation of the society: Young people are often viewed as lacking the skills needed to become part of the political process. These perceptions are often backed by popular theories on childhood development, many of which define youth as social group that is in the ‘stage of becoming adults’. Young people are not afforded the opportunities to share power with adults in part because they are viewed as lacking the requisite skills. Consequently, they are not invited to the table. The very idea of â€Å"youth citizenship† – young people participating as equals – is a stretch for many adults. The irony is, however, that once at the table, young people are often viewed as a threat to adult power. Rather than work with young people to build the skills, adults either abdicate power or work to control it. This tendency to exclude young people has been well-substantiated in international Therefore ‘youthfulness’ has become a major justification for excluding young people from decision making. It is also important to emphasize that these ideas are also present all major social institutions; from the family, the school, the community; religious institutions etc. It is not a surprise that there are not expectations and processes that facilitate the political participation of young people within their communities as well as at the national level. As now the youth has given a chance to show their constructive abilities in many ways they are also provided with different mediums such as social networking sites, print and electronic media so that they can express their selves in much better way but at a larger medium and at better extent. Student reforms in the past: Students are actually the spine and the base of nation. They are the actual representatives of youth. The history had also proven it that whenever a student moment takes place then it became the voice of each and every person. In the separation of subcontinent and the foundation of Pakistan students had played their vital role. Students played a major role in the Pakistan Movement. This was of great historical significance, for the Muslim students of the subcontinent had never participated in such great numbers in a political movement. It was a befitting culmination of the reformist movements of the late nineteenth century for the emancipation and education of Muslim youth. The Quaid Muhammad Ali Jinnah can be seen as source of inspiration for their emergence as players on the political scene. The recent biggest reform by students emerges in England because of the increasing fee structure in UK, and just because of the reaction of students the government had to take a backward step on this decision. It is very much clear that whenever students put their efforts in any matter then it had its own significance on them. Students’ role in the purification of the society: Students are the future of the country. Through their energy, ability and potential they can bring radical changes not only to the society but also to the country as a whole. They can participate in creating awareness among the people about several issues and can help them in contributing efficiently for the society. They have the power to change the face of the society and hence play a pivotal role in the development of the society. They can purify the society by assessing knowledge and improving personalization skills, motivation ; practices for the formation of a good society and reforming of a civilized nation in to well beings. The synthesis research on achievement motivation, school engagement, and student voice, concluding that the more educators use student-centered approaches to reinforce student agency, the more motivation and engagement are likely to rise. I think this is the only way which makes students more productive so that they can play their part more efficiently and usefully for the society. CONCLUSION: Education is a compulsory factor a nation should have as to make progress in any field of life. In other words Education matters. In is a need of now as to get it as it helps in making a society peaceful, happy, prosperous and helps in many other ways. Children’s gain it as to make their future as also to play a vital role for the development of their nation. Now a days the society has no moral values due to which the students have to play a vital role as to play their part in society. Many institutes are made as for the people to gain knowledge and play a vital role. Our religion also gives stress on the gain of education and by gaining education a man can play a very vital role. In the end I can only say that â€Å"EDUCATION Matters†. REFRENCES: * Purpose of education written by Kim Jones. * Elementary education ; motivation in Islam written by DR. Eeqbal Hassim * Students role in history written by Urwah ibn Zubayr * Possitive youth development written by Micheal J. Nakkula * www. students. com * The social role of university student written by Florian Znaniecki. * Social rights ; duties written by Leslie Stephen. How to cite Role of Students in the Purification of the Society, Essay examples

Linear Structural Relations Analysis of Domestic

Question: Discuss about the Linear Structural Relations Analysis of Domestic. Answer: Introduction: The main focus of this research study is to explore the indigenous communities in Australia have or are being affected by the tourism activities in their area. The research is however going to narrow down and study about a particular community in Australia known as the Djabugay community(Choi Sirakaya, 2005). The Djabugay community is located near Cairns, which is Far North Queensland. The research has identified the Djabugay community as one of the strongest equity member or partner in the Tjapukai Aboriginal Cultural Park(Colton Whitney-Squire, 2010). However, as we progress in the research, the Tjapukai Aboriginal Cultural Park will refer to as the Park throughout the research. The park is found in Smithfield, Cairns. Some of the board members come from the Djabugay community while some of the members are also employees in this park. We will be using the word Djabugay throughout our research to enable us identify the main community being researched(Dyer, Aberdeen, Schular, 2003). The name will also help us to refer to the main language being spoken in this area. Dr Norman Tindale was the one who gave the park the name Tjapukai in the year 1938. The main reason for choosing to investigate the Djabugay community is because of its involvement in the tourism industry through the financial shares that it has in the Park. Many Djabugay members have complained about the hardships that they have been experiencing because of some bad state practices and policies in the area like dispossession and forcible removal of people(Henry, 2000). These are some of the social injustices that have prompted the research to be carried to establish the truth about such activities. The research will aim to provide adequate measures to help in solving these social injustices against the community so as to enable it benefit fully in the tourism activities economically for example being employed in the industry. Significance of the research The main significance of this research is to investigate the main roots of unsustainable tourism development in a developing country like Australia. We will base our special reference to the Djabugay community. According to research, many factors that have led to unsustainable tourism development in the Djabugay community are actually beyond the control of the local authorities and the people. Many of the tourism issues affecting the community are widely related to problems at the national level. According to(Hodgson Firth, 2006) some of these problems at the national level include; the role of international tour operators in the international tourism system, political economy policies, patron-client relationships between related business class and decision-makers, and finally the prevailing national planning approaches that are applied in the tourism sector. The research concludes that there is need for collaboration of international donor agencies and tour operators, confident decision making process, and hard political choices if a sustainable tourism development has to be achieved in a developing country like Australia particularly for the Djabugay community. The aim of this research is to actually gain a lot more insight into the perceptions of the Djabugay community about a sustainable tourism development in the area. The research will also seek to establish the views of the community on how the community prefers to implement the sustainable tourism programs in the area in a way that will benefit them more as a community. The research revealed that there are a number of barriers that the Djabugay community faces when it comes to the successful implementation of good tourism practices(Lopez-Guzman, Sanchez-Caniizares, Pavon, 2011). One of the main barriers to this successful implementation is that the community has is concerning unc lear lines of communication, mistrust of government policies, and poor administration of the tourism industry. Scope of the Study This research is going to explore the tourism impact on a particular Australian Indigenous community known as the Djabugay community. The traditional land of the Djabugay community is located near Cairns that is Far North Queensland. The participants in this research will be picked mainly from the Djabugay community which will include; the professionals, leaders, the women and the youths. The research will seek to know their opinion about tourism has had an impact on them. The research will seek to establish the major issues affecting the community whether positive or negative. The research will be conducted between April 24th to 30th. The period will be set aside to conduct a thorough research on the issue so as to come up with concrete findings. The findings will help in formulating strategies on how to address the issues raised or even improve some of the issues so as to enable this community top fully benefit from the tourism visits made in that area. Problem statement and objective The research will address various objectives. These objectives include; The research will seek to know the major impacts that tourism has on the Djabugay community. The research will seek to know some of these impacts from the perspectives of the Djabugay community as both community members and also as the employees of the Park. The second objective of this research will be to develop the best strategies on how to reduce the negative impacts while at the same time device a way of enhancing the socio-cultural and economic benefits that come because of tourism for the Djabugay community. To come up with the best research methods that will result into accurate findings from the community members. Accurate findings will enable the proper formulation of strategies to help in solving any matter that the community will raise during the research. Tourism activity is one of the activities that is carried out by many communities across the globe. These communities carry out this type of activity for different reasons. However, the tourism activity has had an impact on the Djabugay community in fulfilling the tourism activity(Nunkoo, Smith, Ramkissoon, 2013). Djabugay is one of the Australian communities that has been carrying out tourism in its region. The activity has been able to serve different purposes for the community. The tourism industry has had some impacts on the community, both positive and negative repercussions. Some of the impacts include the following; This is one of the impacts that tourism has brought in various communities. Several communities across the globe usually have traditional artifacts that they have designed used for serving different purposes in the community. These artifacts were made by various people since hence they are unique to the community(Ryan Aicken, 2005). This is one of the things that can attract different people from the globe to come and visit a specific country due to the artifacts that it has. This will depend on how the country is able to keep the artifacts in good condition. In Djabugay community, tourism has enabled the community to revive their artifacts. The community has various artifacts that have attracted different people from the world to come and visit the region. The community has been able to keep these artifacts in good condition by protecting them from any form of damage or even being stolen. The community protects these artifacts so that it continues to attract even more tourists to the community. This will enable the community to be able to conserve its traditional forms for future reference(Ryan Huyton, 2000). Therefore, tourism in the community has made the community to revive its artifacts. Various tourist attraction sites have always acted as an opportunity for some individuals to get jobs. Different people seek for work in the tourist attraction sites especially the immediate community to which has the attraction sites. In Djabugay community, tourism has assisted in creating job opportunities for various individuals in the community. The attraction sites have made different people to seek for employment opportunities since the community needs them to provide some vital information to the many tourists who visit the community attractions. The services that the people in the community give to the visitors are the activities that make the people of the community earn income. The individuals who have managed to get the jobs in the attraction sites can now adequately provide for themselves and also for their families. Tourism in the community serves as a job opportunity to the people by making them earn income that will be able to assist them in their lives(Ryan Huyton, 2002). Therefore tourism in Djabugay community has acted as a source of employment to various individuals by making them earn income. This is the positive impact that tourism has been able to create to the people in the community. In various communities across the globe, they base various activities based on the gender. Some consider the men to be superior to women while other communities favor women than men. This makes the communities to believe that each and every person in the community is equal. The gender relations have affected various communities in different forms. Some have brought positive results while others have brought negative results(Schianetz, Kavanagh, Lockington, 2007). This is based on the particular activity that the gender group is carrying out. In Djabugay community, tourism has led to gender relations among the people. There has not been a gender balance in the community based on the tourism activity being carried out in the community. The community has not been able to consider each and every person to be equal. This has made some individuals be neglected. This is negative impacts which tourism has brought to the community. The community is treats the people differently in accordance to the gender of each and every individual. This, therefore, brings in gender imbalance among the individuals in the community especially when offering services to the tourists. Most people that work in the tourist attraction sites are men as compared to women. Elimination of traditional authority structure In every community across the globe, there are numerous ways of carrying out community administration. The people were able to live according to the authority structure that had been put by the people in authority. Some of these structures have not been able to work through for some communities as they have changed their systems(Timothy, 2007). This is one of the impacts that tourism has brought into Djabugay community. The community has eroded its traditional structure of executing authority. Tourism has made the community to change the traditional ways of carrying out authority. The community tries to please the tourists that visit the region through their current administration(Zeppel, 2002). This is a negative impact that tourism has brought to the community. Various individuals will not be able to understand how the community used to carry out its authority in the community since the traditional structures have now been eroded to the satisfaction of the tourists. Income is the main thing that each and every individual always desire. Every person will tend to carry out an activity that will assist him or her to earn income to enable them to sustain themselves. This also implies to tourism, in the various regions where tourism is being carried out with the main objective of earning revenue(Tribe, 2006). The Djabugay community has been able to earn revenue from tourism as an activity. The tourists are often charged some amount for the services that they get in return. The charges are the income that the community gets in return. This is the income that the community gets from the tourists visiting the areas. Therefore this is a positive impact that tourism has brought to the community therefore promoting the development of the economy. References Choi, H.S.C. and Sirakaya, E., 2005. Measuring residents attitude toward sustainable tourism: Development of sustainable tourism attitude scale.Journal of Travel Research,43(4), pp.380-394. Colton, J.W. and Whitney-Squire, K., 2010. Exploring the relationship between aboriginal tourism and community development.Leisure/Loisir,34(3), pp.261-278. Dyer, P., Aberdeen, L. and Schuler, S., 2003. Tourism impacts on an Australian indigenous community: a Djabugay case study.Tourism Management,24(1), pp.83-95. Henry, R., 2000. Dancing into Being: The Tjapukai Aboriginal Cultural Park and the Laura Dance Festival.The Australian journal of anthropology,11(3), p.322. Hodgson, R. and Firth, T., 2006. The methodological and practical issues of conducting tourism research into aboriginal communities: The Manyallaluk experience.Tourism Recreation Research,31(2), pp.11-22. Lpez-Guzmn, T., Snchez-Caizares, S. and Pavn, V., 2011. Community-based tourism in developing countries: A case study.Tourismos: an international multidisciplinary journal of tourism,6(1), pp.69-84. Nunkoo, R., Smith, S.L. and Ramkissoon, H., 2013. Residents attitudes to tourism: A longitudinal study of 140 articles from 1984 to 2010.Journal of Sustainable Tourism,21(1), pp.5-25. Ryan, C. and Aicken, M. eds., 2005.Indigenous tourism: The commodification and management of culture. Elsevier. Ryan, C. and Huyton, J., 2000. Aboriginal tourism--a linear structural relations analysis of domestic and international tourist demand.The International Journal of Tourism Research,2(1), p.15. Ryan, C. and Huyton, J., 2002. Tourists and aboriginal people.Annals of Tourism Research,29(3), pp.631-647. Schianetz, K., Kavanagh, L. and Lockington, D., 2007. The learning tourism destination: The potential of a learning organisation approach for improving the sustainability of tourism destinations.Tourism Management,28(6), pp.1485-1496. Timothy, D.J., 2007.Managing heritage and cultural tourism resources. Ashgate. Tribe, J., 2006. The truth about tourism.Annals of tourism research,33(2), pp.360-381. Zeppel, H., 2002. Indigenous tourism in the Wet Tropics World Heritage Area, North Queensland.Australian Aboriginal Studies, (2), p.65.

Case Study Of Ryanair - The Low Fares Airline †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Questions: 1.Why has Ryanair been successful thus far? 2.Is Ryanairs strategy sustainable? 3.Would you recommend any changes to Ryanair's approach to changing environmental circumstances? Answers: Introduction Ryanair Airline was established in the year 1985 and in the beginning; this airline provided short airline service from Ireland to the UK. This organisation was run by Ryan family and now Ryanair provides destination services to the 205 places. This organisation has its headquarter in Dublin, Ireland. This is mainly an Irish low-cost airline and has been through an expansion. However, despite being successful, this airline faced several issues from a global economic recession and its strategies taken by management. In the year 2010, this organisation had 67 million passengers and employed more than 8100 employees. In this study, a case study named Ryanair- The Low Fares Airline: Whither Now?' will be analysed. This case study thoroughly analyses the Ryanair's strategies and loopholes in all angles and focuses on the competition in the industry. 1. Ryanair has been designed itself to be worlds favourite airline and now this airline is worlds eighth largest airline. Most importantly, Ryanair has been following the notion to grow up as second largest airline in the world and it would be second to Southwest. Success factor of this airlines are: Firstly, Ryanair was following low-cost airline model as Southwest airline used to follow. Low-cost airline strategy helped this airline to fly to secondary cities largely. By flying to the secondary airports, this airline could avoid cost and charges of landing in the primary airports (major cities). This strategy was initiated by Michael O'Leary and from the beginning; this strategy was helpful to airline in avoiding the congestion. This flying to secondary airports also helped the airlines to improve turn-out time as it assisted the each aeroplane to land on time. This on-time arrival helped to develop customer satisfaction. Additionally, this airline always gave importance in point-to-point services that could eliminate the operation like baggage and transfer (OConnell et al. 2015). Secondly, Ryanair followed the contrarian strategy that enables an organisation to invest in a section that goes against the market trends. This contrarian strategy is all about to invest in an asset that does not make a profit right now; however, investor can sell this asset when the right time would come (Casadesus-Masanell and Ricart 2014). During the time of 2009, all the airline's companies were removing the flights, cutting the prices; O'Leary was buying new aircraft and exploring new routes for services. In the year 2010, O'Leary published the profit percentage and it clearly showed that the airline made 200 percent profit. This contrarian strategy helped Ryanair to attract more customers and overshadowed the competitors. Thirdly, Ryanair took strategy to provide ancillary services to the passengers of Ryanair with the airline flight service. This strategy included the services of in-flight beverages, merchandise products, food items and internet based products. In addition, Ryanair decided to provide customers with the service of car rentals, accommodation and travel insurance through the website. This strategy assists to reduce unit cost and ancillary revenues were 28% of the total profit (Malighetti et al. 2013). Later, Ryanair included online gambling, in-flight mobile phone services to the customers during flight. Fourth, Michael O'Leary was a key person behind the success of Ryanair and this airline first introduced the services of low-cost airline. This visionary leader understood the Southwest model and started a low-fare airline in the Europe. Before O'Leary, Ryanair was a small airline and it provided service only in Ireland and the UK. CEO of Ryanair, O'Leary tried to penetrate the global market to be lucrative business profit and took the low-cost model and tried to buy competitors Air Lingus. Fifth, Ryanair started the concept of no-frill'. The sole aim of this strategy is to give the end consumers cheapest products but quality of the product should be good. This helped the airline to reduce the cost of goods and services. For instance, Ryanair used a single type of aircraft (Boeing 737-8003) in the previous time and that gave the benefit to having low maintenance cost, low operation cost, inventory holdings (Barrett 2014). This strategy provided the advantage of having the lower maintenance engineers and developed organisational innovation. 2. Ryanair airline has been going successfully as the CEO of the organisation is visionary and his cost-cutting strategy was a big hit. The Southwest model of the airline became successful with its first-mover advantage. This airline got struck to the changing condition of the economic scenario. In order to apprehend the sustainable strategy of an organisation, it is needed to explain the competitive advantage of the organisation. Porters five forces model Industry rivalry: (Medium) Ryanair took the strategy to grow their fleets and low ticket pricing strategy. Ryanair is increasing the customer base through low-cost strategy. Ryanair travels mainly in secondary places and airports. The industry rivals are British Airways, Easy Jet and others. Threat of new entrants: (Low) In an airline industry, it is very difficult to enter and most importantly, Ryanair has been following low-cost strategy. In this economic situation, in the European market, needs of high capital is very much fact in the airline industry. Threat of substitutes: (Low) Ryanair airline has been in the ancillary services as well. They give equivalent value to the consumers of the organisation. In this regard, Ryanair airlines provide not just flight tickets, however, they provide other services. In this scenario, substitutes of the organisation may not overshadow Ryanair. Bargaining power of suppliers: (High) In the airline industry, suppliers play a vital role as suppliers switching cost can be high. There are mainly two suppliers of Ryanair in the Europe. Boeing is one of the suppliers of Ryanair and pilot has to be retained by the airline. Bargaining power of customers: (High) Customers can switch any other airlines if they want. In this respect, bargaining power is high, however, Ryanair provides low-cost tickets to the customers and customer service is good. Cost leadership strategy is the key to OLeary. So, the competition in the market is average and Ryanair needs to take some brave steps to retain more customers and make a better foothold in the industry (Johnson 2017). The strategies like extra money for baggage and using toilets must be removed as these may lower the customers. Moreover, attacking competitors with taking name can be dangerous. Ryanairs campaigning of Bye-Bye Lufthansa was not successful. The organisation can take CSR strategy in order to sustain in the market. The strategy of green fuel and products that make the environment sustainable would be helpful strategies that attract more customers. Moreover, researched and surveys showed that customers want more comfort and legroom in the flight (Borenstein and Rose 2014). Cost conscious culture of the organisation and policies regarding them would be helpful for the organisation to grow. SWOT analysis Strengths Young aircraft Point-to-point services Low operation cost Low-cost services Marketing model RD on aircraft development Weaknesses Customer services Public image Working condition Choices of destinations Opportunities Expansion in the market Modern technology Competition committee Threats Substitute transportation Substitute in the industry Legal issues CSR activities Fuel price Table: SWOT analysis (Source: Self-developed) Ryanairs strategy is sustainable as the core strategies are cost leadership, low-price and Research and Development on aircraft design. Moreover, themarketing strategy of this airline is based on internet and passengers can book their tickets using the internet. Ryanair reduces the cost of advertisements and Ryanair needs to start responsible advertisements. The low-cost strategy, contrarian strategy and ancillary services strategy and no-frill strategies are helpful to grow for Ryanair. However, in case of public image and customer services, this airline has to take new promotion strategies in order to be more sustainable. (Refer to Appendices for VRIO framework and strategic capabilities analysis) 3.Changes to Ryanair's approach to changing environmental circumstances? a) The strategy of secondary airports: The concept of secondary airports was introduced by the management of Ryanair as the airline wanted to save time and money of the customers. In case of secondary airports, the customers had to take another vehicle to reach to the core cities (Eccles and Krzus 2014). In case of Frankfurt, the primary airport is Frankfurt; however, the secondary airport is at Hahn. Ryanair takes the passengers to Hahn and passengers need to take another vehicle to reach Frankfurt. In another flight service, the passengers do not need to take another vehicle. In this scenario, the passengers do not want this break journey and they want to take costly flight rather than low-cost flight. Therefore, Ryanair can change the strategy of using secondary airports instead of Primary airports. Most of the big airports are avoided by Ryanair and that reduce the customers for the airline. In this way, Ryanair can start both primary and secondary airports at a time. b) Cost strategy: In the low-ticket price strategy, Ryanair provided low space, a little leg room space and customer service provision are not good. People have no complaining as it is the low-price ticket. This cheap flight strategy attracts many passengers to travel with them. However, the premium and business class passengers do not use this airline. Ryanair can go with low price strategy; however, they need to develop customer service provision with bigger space, friendlier personnel. Ryanair can offer free meals and beverages to the passengers (Coelli et al. 2013). c) Long-haul flights: Ryanair can start long-haul flights as it would be a new market segment for the airline that would increase the market share and customer base. The airlines can start with secondary airports concept in long-haul flights that would lower the ticket costs. Ryanair in this way can compete in the international market as well. In this sense, Ryanair can start a joint venture with U.S based airline (Barbot 2016). However, Southwest airline can pose a threat in opening a market in U.SA industry. Ryanairs management refused to talk to Employee Representative Committee and the employees are there over more than 31 nationalities. In order to start long-haul flights, it is needed to expand crew services and employee engagement. d) Improved customer service: Ryanair airline targets mostly middle-class people who use the low-priced tickets. This is the reasonable approach of the airlines to segment the market and target the desired customers. Ryanair can improve the perception of customers. Customer service improvements are needed as the airline can provide large space and beverage system. Did the Aer Lingus bid make strategic sense? Explain. Michael OLeary accepted the fact that the investment to Aer Lingus was a stupid decision from the Ryanair side. OLeary stated that the decision to go with a single combined airline might be fruitful; however, it was turned out to be a disaster. In the year 2007, Ryanair took the 25.2 percent stake in Aer Lingus. Then the interest was increased to 29.8 percent and that the total amount to payable was approx 404 million euro (Burrell 2013). By the end of 2009, the investment to Aer Lingus was almost 79 Million euro. O'Leary made clear that the concept of taking the Are Lingus was to use the brand image of Aer Lingus and the capturing the market of long-hauled flights. Ryanair decided to reduce the short-haul fair to 2-5% per year in order to gain the market share. The amalgamation of an Irish company would eventually bring the mega market penetration for Ryanair. However, Ryanair has been facing the issue of the economic downturn as the year 2008 brought recession and high unemployment rate. Ryanair had to raise the fares and that decreased the volume of the passengers. Moreover, in the present scenario, it is not accepted that Ryanair is to continue the Aer Lingus project. The stakeholders of the airlines, the board of directors, EU, Irish Government and Employee Shareholder Trust (EMT) all were against the buying of Aer Lingus (Barrett 2014). However, Ryanair airline can take the share of Aer Lingus as it would play a buffer for the competitor like Easy Jet. In international operation or international expansion, Aer Lingus can help Ryanair to land slots in primary (major) airports. However, Ryanair faced the issue of volcanic ash of Eyjafjallajokull that needs to close the airspace. Conclusion It is observed that Ryanair has been facing the issues of the economic downturn that may impact on the growth with reducing planned fleet expansion. Most of the all, Ryanair needs to make international industrial relation that may cause financial losses. Ryanair bullied some of the Aer Lingus pilots that caused another issue. In order to solve the issue, customer service provision and spaces in flights need to improve. Moreover, the environmental impact of CSR strategies can be taken that can improve the sustainability of the airline. References Barbot, C., 2016. Low-cost airlines, secondary airports, and state aid: An economic assessment of the RyanairCharleroi Airport agreement.Journal of Air Transport Management,12(4), pp.197-203. Barrett, S.D., 2014. How do the demands for airport services differ between full-service carriers and low-cost carriers?.Journal of Air Transport Management,10(1), pp.33-39. Borenstein, S. and Rose, N.L., 2014. Competition and price dispersion in the US airline industry.Journal of Political Economy,102(4), pp.653-683. Burrell, K., 2013. Going steerage on Ryanair: cultures of migrant air travel between Poland and the UK.Journal of Transport Geography,19(5), pp.1023-1030. Casadesus-Masanell, R. and Ricart, J.E., 2014. From strategy to business models and onto tactics.Long range planning,43(2), pp.195-215. Coelli, T., Perelman, S. and Romano, E., 2013. Accounting for environmental influences in stochastic frontier models: with application to international airlines.Journal of productivity analysis,11(3), pp.251-273. Eccles, R.G. and Krzus, M.P., 2014.One report: Integrated reporting for a sustainable strategy. John Wiley Sons. Honey, M., 2012.Ecotourism and sustainable development: Who owns paradise? Island Press. Johnson, G., 2017.Exploring strategy: text and cases. Pearson. Malighetti, P., Paleari, S. and Redondi, R., 2013. Pricing strategies of low-cost airlines: The Ryanair case study.Journal of Air Transport Management,15(4), pp.195-203. OConnell, J.F. and Williams, G., 2015. Passengers perceptions of low cost airlines and full service carriers: A case study involving Ryanair, Aer Lingus, Air Asia and Malaysia Airlines.Journal of Air Transport Management,11(4), pp.259-272.