Social Network, Knowledge Management and Innovation at Unilever

SOCIAL NETWORKING AND EXPLOITATION OF INNOVATION THROUGH THE SOCIAL DYNAMICS MODEL Company in Focus: Unilever 1 . INTRODUCTION Unilever is an Anglo–Dutch multinational consumer goods company. Its products include foods, beverages, cleaning agents and personal care products. With over 400 brands sold in more than 190 countries, it is one of the world’s leading suppliers of fast-moving consumer goods (Unilever, 2013). Such a global organisation needs to remain innovative so as to maintain its competitive advantage.The social dynamics model (which analyses four steps- capacity building, pilot mode, integration mode and leverage mode) would be used would be used in this report to show how social media can be developed and integrated into Unilever and ultimately how innovation can be utilised. 2 . USE OF SOCIAL MEDIA IN UNILEVER Social media is defined as â€Å"a group of Internet-based applications that build on the ideological and technological foundations of Web 2. 0, an d that allow the creation and exchange of User Generated Content† (Kaplan and Haenlein, 2010, p. 61).Social media has been asserted to be a source of new profits though access to new markets, a more engaged workforce and improved customer relations (Mangold and Faulds, 2009; Waters et al. 2009). The implementation of social media within the organization is viewed as a way to leverage organizational knowledge and improve knowledge management initiatives (Barbagallo, 2011). Unilever utilises the social network platforms of Facebook, Twitter and LinkedIn and YouTube. Their Facebook page is used to share recipes, run adverts, and get feedback on products and other relevant information from customers.With their Twitter account, they are able to share news about programmes in different countries and engage on topics about business, marketing and sustainability. There are several LinkedIn profiles to suit the needs of their stakeholders such as alumni and management trainees. The You Tube account is for careers purposes only and there are no much subscribers. YouTube is a platform that Unilever still needs to exploit as they can post videos and use it for mass campaigns and adverts as well as receiving comments from customers which can be a source of useful information.Havas EHS also connected Unilever brands with consumers using social media by developing a global consumer data strategy (Unilever, 2012). Social media enables companies to talk to their customers, it enables customers to talk to one another and it also enables customers to talk to companies (Mangold and Faulds, 2009). Social networks like Twitter and LinkedIn could help the company to maintain their awareness of current business trends and innovative ideas (Jarahi and Sawyer, 2013). There is the need for Unilever to integrate social media with other traditional media like television.Furthermore, to effectively exploit social media, the company needs interactive technology and marketing skills (Pe nny Power, n. d. ). 3 . ORGANISATIONAL LEARNING AND KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT Organisational learning is â€Å"the process of change in individual and shared thought and action, which is affected by and embedded in the institutions of the organisation (Vera and Crossan, 2005, p. 123). Organisational learning system is rooted in human resources, structure, process, policy and culture. The process of organisation learning takes place through nine steps (Lytras et al, 2008).The first and second are discovery and innovation which involves building up a system enabling it to make the right choices among innovative ideas. The third step is selecting process and activities so a better decision can be made. These three steps of learning involve changing one’s perception and thinking but learning also includes changing behaviour which leads to the fourth step which is executing ideas which were discovered. The fifth step is transferring the experience and ideas achieved by the team/depart ments to the rest of the organisation.In reflecting, which is the sixth step, the organisation learns from past experience both good and bad. There is the need for the organisation to acquire knowledge from outside environment and build its knowledge base and also contribute by sharing knowledge with its business partners; these constitute the seventh and eight step. Finally, as the organisation continues in its learning process, there is the need to build an organisational memory so that learning can be constantly upgraded and to avoid loss.This is also consistent with the seminal work by Huber (1991) who elaborates four constructs linked to organisational learning-knowledge acquisition (the process by which knowledge is obtained), information distribution (process by which information from different sources is shared and thereby leads to new information or understanding), information interpretation (process by which information that has been distributed is commonly understood) and organisation memory (means by which knowledge is stored for future use). Knowledge can be considered as information which has been acted upon; it adds understanding and retention to knowledge.Our perceptions of knowledge are based on our ontological and epistemological beliefs about reality (Jashapara, 2010). There are two types of knowledge -descriptive knowledge which is the knowledge of things and productive knowledge which is the knowledge of changes in things. Knowledge is the application of expertise, it can be manipulated i. e. it can be stored and replenished and it can also influence action (Hemsley and Mason, 2013). It is therefore imperative to understand how this knowledge can be used in achieving the goals of the organisation. This therefore leads us to the concept of knowledge management.Knowledge management is the process of generating, acquiring and using knowledge to improve the performance of organisations; thus it is to understood to be ‘managed learningâ⠂¬â„¢ (Vera and Crossan, 2005). Knowledge management is not a technology but a consolidation of strategy, technology and people (Mullins, 1999). The business strategy of an organisation must reflect the requirement to capture knowledge. Knowledge exists in people, not technology; technology helps to retain knowledge but it cannot create it. Transforming information into knowledge requires classification, analysis and synthesis of the information.The knowledge which has been captured should then be effectively communicated. In reality, knowledge cannot actually be captured; it is the information which has been captured that is easily transformed into the knowledge (Mullins, 1999). Managing knowledge effectively involves the protection, leverage and accumulation of new knowledge. The resource based view of the firm attributes the competitive advantage of the firm to the unique knowledge it has over its competitors (Barney, 1991). According to Chakravarthy et al (2012), two broad types of knowledge often trigger a firm’s competitive advantage-resource conversion and market positioning.Resource conversion knowledge refers to the capability of a firm to use common resources to create unique products through innovation. The patents, copyrights and trade secrets that a firm owns are the most conveyed aspects of its resource conversion knowledge (Friedman et al, 1991). Market positioning knowledge is the ability of a firm to see opportunities in its environment and avoid threats. An organisation like Unilever may not have access to any special information over its competitors but may be able to see patterns in information that others are unable to.Social media can be of great value to Unilever as it would enable them capture new knowledge from internal and external sources such as employees and customers on the platform of social networks. This knowledge can then be applied to solving problems. Knowledge may be valued in groups based on its usefulness in achiev ing the group goals. Unique knowledge gained from social media is useful in the attainment of the groups or departments’ goals. This ultimately leads to a learning organisation which imitable knowledge which then becomes a source of competitive advantage (see figure 1). pic] Figure 1 Link between social media and knowledge management. (Source: Value tensions, 2012). Unilever has a knowledge management group which promotes it as a learning organisation in which activities are integrated. The company focuses on contributions towards its strategic goals and objectives through the creation, sharing, acquisition, capturing and transfer of knowledge (Unilever, 2013). Their knowledge management database is provided by Astute Solutions RealDialog. It has proved effective in their customer centre nsuring that end users receive current, high quality information; it also maintains and updates information for multiple touch points and end users (Astute Solutions, 2010). 4 . EXPLOITATION OF INNOVATION AT UNILEVER The social dynamics model can provide an understanding of how innovation can be utilised in Unilever. The first phase is the Capacity building which involves setting up extensive internal and external audit. In carrying out this audit, an environment scan would have to be conducted to know what is being said about the company and its brands, how employees use social media to promote the interests of the organisation.Organising training programs to enlighten staff on social media, also creating a platform where employees can share knowledge. Employees should be provided with access to social networks so they can communicate effectively with customers. As part of adapting the overall HR strategy, there is the need to hire people based on the social capital they possess as a result of their influence level and network. It is important to recruit people who are open to change and are customer-friendly. Unilever can do utilise LinkedIn as it supports expert loca ting practices though its communities and profile search (Jarahi and Sawyer, 2013).Pilot mode-The purpose of this phase is to have projects that can implement social media in a structural way. This would involve setting up a centre of excellence which would gather knowledge, guide pilot projects and provide internal consultancy and support local and regional teams. They have to determine the strategy for incorporating social media within the organisation. For a global company like Unilever, this centre would be implemented on three levels. The first is on a global level where the centre supports the regional and local teams as well as reports to the board.On a regional level, each region would have a mediator between the global strategy and local implementations. On a local level, the teams would be responsible for the translation of the approach to the languages. They would in turn report to the regional representatives. Integration mode- In this phase the knowledge acquired and an y new beliefs are integrated into the heart of the organisation. In order to make use of all the opportunities that social media brings, there is the need to ensure the employees and customers are happy.There is the need to co-create using social media and online communities as it is crucial to the development of new products and services. Unilever currently does this particularly in their use of open innovation. However, it is advisable that they opt for an incremental co-creation which implies that they have to start in closed community to enable the organisation to see how things work, sharing insights about certain products or experiences and ask collaborators to search for solutions and ideas based on that and co-create with their biggest fans.Unilever did this by publishing a list of ‘wants’-areas in which they need solutions. These are opened up to the global audience through social media (Unilever, 2013). To excel in social media, there is the need for the right content strategy to be developed. This should be done on four levels –content around the different products and brands, content about the different categories the company is in, content about the company in the form of compelling stories worth sharing and content about the advancements and future of the industry.Unilever has the right content strategy on their website but there is the need to have the right content particularly as it relates to content about the company and their future outlook. Leverage Mode- In this phase, the company is ready to take full advantage of the new philosophy. It is vital to leverage on marketing as information is spread quickly and new target groups can be reached. It is useful for Unilever to assign someone to be an internal trend watcher who is able to spot changes in the field of social media. This ensures that the company moves faster than its competitors.Substantial gains could arise from additional applications, particularly in marketing and sales, where a company like Unilever spends an average of 15 to 20 per cent of their revenues. They can do this by substituting insights from extensive online communities for more traditional marketing panels and focus groups. Interactive product campaigns that deploy social technologies can increase the productivity of advertising expenditures by as much as 30 to 60 per cent. New, collaborative forms of engagement with customers too can improve product development, both in speed and level of understanding (Bughin, Chui and Manyika, 2012).Unilever partnered with an agency called ‘We are social’ to create a society for lovers of their products, enabling the company to organise product launch mainly through effective social media marketing and communications. Through a campaign program, bloggers were able to vote on the design of a Unilever brand-‘Marmite’ (Moseley, 2012). Unilever Vietnam also partnered with Jana to create social media focus groups to g enerate brand awareness of its Clear shampoo line. They were thus able to leverage on the knowledge gained from social media (Jana, 2012).Unilever’s innovation is becoming a competitive strength and is critical to their growth. They try to understand what their customers want, relating with them to understand their diverse tastes, needs and market trends and ultimately developing new products and improving tried and tested brand, enabling customer-led innovation. They also have partnerships with suppliers and investors, thus encouraging open innovation which is a system where people can come up with ways to improve existing products and create new ones through designs and technologies.Social media hastens the open innovation process and offers the foundation for engagement, enabling effective co-creation with the partners (Unilever, 2013). Unilever also has a new business unit (NBU) which exploits innovation around its core competencies. There is also a Unilever Corporate Ven tures (UCV) group which explores opportunities outside the core categories. It identifies technology assets inside and outside the company that inspires new businesses (Decter, Mathe and Garner, n. d. ). Unilever invests around 2. 5% of its annual turnover in R &D, continuous product innovations and filing of patents each year.It takes learning and knowledge seriously and believes that transferring this knowledge into its products and services is a key source of competitive advantage (Unilever, 2013). Unilever partnered with Siemens to create a global specification management system that serves as the first major component of its Product Life Cycle Management (PLM) technology. Innovation is therefore not limited to its products, they extend to design processes and package design (Siemens, 2011). 5 . CONCLUSION Innovations require a communication/learning channel that facilitates easy sharing of knowledge which can be transferred using social media.Applying the social dynamics model to Unilever should have a positive impact on their customer, suppliers, employees and eventually the shareholders. As long as organisations continue to tap into the information which is continuously diffused though the social media, they would become learning organisations and can leverage on the acquired knowledge to be innovative. References: Astute Solutions (2010) Unilever provides agents through rapid access to the exact information. May [Online]. Available at: http://blog. astutesolutions. com/leverage/leverage–may-2010/unilevers-knowledge-management-system/ [Accessed: 13 March 2013].Barbagallo, M. (2011) Is social media changing knowledge management? International Customer Management Institute. Available at http://www. icmi. com/Resources/Articles/2011/October/Is-Social-Media-Changing-Knowledge-Management [Accessed: 21 March 2013]. Barney, J. (1991) â€Å"Firm Resources and Sustained Competitive Advantage†, Journal of Management, vol. 17, no. 1, pp. 99. Bughin, J. , Chui, M. and Manyika, J. (2012) â€Å"Capturing business value with social technologies†, McKinsey Quarterly, , no. 4, pp. 72-80. Chakravarthy, B. , McEvily, S. , Doz, Y. and Ran, D. (2005) Knowledge Management and Competitive Advantage.In: Easterby-Smith, M. and Lyles, M. A. eds Handbook of Organizational Learning and Knowledge Management. Victoria: Blackwell Publishing, pp. 305-323. Decter, M. , Mathe, A. and Garner, C. (n. d. ) Access is the new ownership: a case study of Unilever’s approach to open innovation. Institute of Entrepreneurship and enterprise development, Lancaster University. Ford, D. P. and Mason, R. M. (2013) â€Å"A Multilevel Perspective of Tensions Between Knowledge Management and Social Media† :Value Tensions, Journal of Organizational Computing & Electronic Commerce, vol. 23, no. 1, pp. -33. Friedman, D. A. and Landes, W. M. (1991) â€Å"Some Economics of Trade Secret Law†, Journal of Economic Perspectives, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 61-72. Hemsley, J. and Mason, R. M. (2013) â€Å"Knowledge and Knowledge Management in the Social Media Age†, Journal of Organizational Computing & Electronic Commerce, vol. 23, no. 1, pp. 138-167. Huber, G. P. (1991) â€Å"Organizational Learning: the Contributing Processes and the Literatures†, Organization Science, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 88-115. Jana (2012) Unilever and Jana use Facebook in Vietnam to drive consumer engagement. Available at: http://www. ana. com/blog/unilever-and-jana-use-facebook-in-vietnam-to-drive-consumer-engagement/ [Accessed: 14 March 2013]. Jarrahi, M. H. and Sawyer, S. (2013) â€Å"Social Technologies, Informal Knowledge Practices, and the Enterprise†, Journal of Organizational Computing & Electronic Commerce, vol. 23, no. 1, pp. 110-137. Jashapara, A. (2010) Knowledge Management e-book, Pearson Education UK. Kaplan, A. M. and Haenlein, M. (2010) â€Å"Users of the world, unite! The challenges and opportunities of Social Media†, Bu siness horizons, vol. 53, no. 1, pp. 59-68. Lytras, M. , Russ, M. Maier, R. , and Naeve, A. (2008) Knowledge Management Strategies: A Handbook of Applied Technologies. New York: IGI Publishing. Mangold, W. G. and Faulds, D. J. (2009) â€Å"Social media: The new hybrid element of the promotion mix†, Business horizons, vol. 52, no. 4, pp. 357-365. Moseley, D. (2012) The return of the Marmarati. 28 June [Online]. Available at: wearesocial. net/blog/2012/06/return-marmarati/ [Accessed: 15 March 2013]. Mullins, C. (1999) ‘What is knowledge and how can it be managed’, The Data Administration Newsletter (1 March) [Online]. Available at: www. tdan. om/view-articles/S108/ [Accessed: 21 March 2013]. Penny Power (n. d. ) Exploiting Future Potential of Social Media within UK Small to Medium Enterprises. Available at: www. digitalyouthacademy. com/sites/dya/files/Penny Power-White Paper-SME Sector Social Media and Youths. pdf Siemens (2011) Customer Case Studies and Videos â €“Inside Siemens PLM Software. 8 August [Online]. Available at: http://www. plm. automation. siemens. com/en_gb/about_us/success/case_study. cfm? Component=649080&ComponentTemplate=1481 Unilever (2012) Unilever Appoints Havas EHS to develop global consumer data strategy.Press Releases, 9 Nov [Online]. Available at: unilever-rss. com/mediacentre/pressreleases/2012/UnileverappointsHavasEhstodevelopglobalconsumerdatastrategy. aspx [Accessed: 14 March 2013]. Unilever (2013) About Us. Available at: http://www. unilever. com/aboutus/ [Accessed: 14 March 2013]. Unilever (2013) Innovation. Available at: http://www. unilever. com/innovation/ [Accessed: 14 March 2013]. Vera, D. and Crossan, B. (2005). Organizational Learning and Knowledge Management: Toward an Integrative Framework. In: Easterby-Smith, M. and

Drinking Culture and Alcohol Consumption

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Race and Representation - Essay Example At the same time the celebration has its own pit falls as it might retrogress into violence and killing at the slightest trigger. "This is a delicate situation, and â€Å"race† remains fissile material." (Gilroy, 2004, p. 14). There have been many studies centered on most races of the world. But the images of whiteness have not been placed under the microscope as much as other images of race especially that of blackness. The purpose of this study is to make a cursory glance of the images of whiteness that evolved over the years. Representation and study of racial images or stereotypes are having many sensitive issues. The visual representation of racial stereotypes might force people to re-live and freshen old memories, which might jeopardize inter-racial relation. However, academic pursuits cannot be neglected for the sensitivity of a few. In fact the study might throw light on the subliminal foundations for the formation of stereotypes and provide us the escape routes for the mounting racial and ethnic tensions that has resulted in the loss of many human lives. The idea of race itself is questionable, as Appiah has put it: There is nothing in the world that can do all we ask race to do for us†¦. Talk of race is particularly distressing for those of us who take culture seriously. For, when race works-in places where â€Å"gross differences† of morphology are correlated with â€Å"subtle differences† of temperament, belief, and intention-it works as an attempt at metonym for culture, and it does so only at the price of biologizing what is culture, ideology. (Appiah 1992:45) The central thesis of this paper is the essential nature of the image of whiteness as a historical construct developed over many years similar to its foil blackness. This study focuses on the works of Richard Dyer. Whiteness is essentially a body of knowledge, ideologies, behavioral norms, and many practices constructed over the history

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Introduction to Organisations and Management Assignment - 4

Introduction to Organisations and Management - Assignment Example The various inputs in an organization includes human efforts in the form of workforce, financial inputs in the form of investments, informational inputs in the form of ideas and material inputs in the form of a structure and various equipment for the working of the staff. Utilizing these four inputs an organization is supposed to generate two major outputs, the first one is achievement of the set goals and targets which include production of quality products, provision of quality services and betterment of environment. The second output is the employee satisfaction. While working ‘employees develop a psychological contract with the organization which is based on expectations from each other, the managers and the organization’ (Schein, 1965). The expectations are always based on a feeling that the employee himself is contributing towards the success of the organization so he ‘considers himself entitled to enjoy the benefits of success’ (Armstrong, 2001). ... Since both the companies, Watsons Engine Components and H & M Consulting are operating in a global scenario therefore both are dealing with a complex dynamic external environment with large number of dissimilar external factors changing frequently. Political Factors: The political factors in case of both the organizations are same because both operate in a multinational scenario but H & M Consulting, being a large organization operating in different regions of the world have to adjust to various changing scenarios according the political situation of the region and therefore the managers in H & M Consulting encourage a flexible behavior and flexible approach to providing solutions to problems. While the organizational structure and approach at Watsons is rigid and conservative because it does not have to adapt to various political scenarios. This has created internal politics in Watsons while H & M Consulting is free from any kind of internal politics. Social Factors: Watsons is leas t affected by social factors because it is least concerned about the impacts of the organization on society, while various external social factors like the preference of technological advanced companies will reduce the customers of Watsons in near future. On the other hand the customers are very much satisfied with services offered by H & M Consulting because they have proper CSR programs, have incorporated technological advancement in their organization and are concerned about their repute in the society. Technological Aspects: The technology is advancing every other day but Watsons is not willing to incorporate latest technologies in its assembly line partly because of financial constraints and partly due to lack of initiative. As a result the company has a very so

Video Case Study Essay Example for Free

Video Case Study Essay 1. In the 21st century what trends in the environmental forces (social, economic, technological, competitive, and regulatory) (a) work for and (b) work against success for Prince Sports in the Tennis industry? a) The social media and technology have helped the success for Prince Sports. b) The economy and competitors work against the success of Prince Sports. 2. Because sales of Prince Sports in Tennis-related products depends heavily on growth of the tennis industry, what marketing activities might it use in the U. S. to promote tennis playing? They could hold local city tournaments. They could also sponsor a tennis team or donate tennis rackets to a school to promote playing tennis. 3. What promotional activities might Prince use to reach (a) recreational players and (b) junior players? a) School sponsorship, hosting junior tournaments, web advertisements, social media presence. 4. What might Prince do to help it gain distribution and sales in (a) mass merchandisers like Target and Wal-Mart and (b) specialty tennis shops? a) Focus on circulars (ads in Wal-Mart paper) organizing tennis rackets in a positive way that could increase sales. Find a way to sell their rackets for cheap. b) Suggest sponsoring an athlete or create custom displays in the store. Focus on wall space, and making the best racket. Personal selling, and market the product to the important people. 5. In reaching global markets outside the U.S. (a) what are some criteria that Prince should use to select countries in which to market aggressively, (b) what three or four countries meet these criteria best, and (c) what are some marketing actions Prince might use to reach these markets? a) Are there professionals from the country, Economy status, Demographics, b) Germany, United Kingdom, France, Czech Republic, c) Find an athlete and convince them to be sponsored by your company.

Security System for Local Area Network

Security System for Local Area Network Raman Sidhu Windows Server 2008 offers a very good Windows consistency and Performance monitor tool. Within minutes, you can have a comprehensive and graphical view of your server. In the past, you had to pull information from a variety of management tools, but no more. In Server Manager, under Diagnostics, select Windows System Resource Manager. You can connect to the local or a remote server. Resource Monitor displays a real-time status update. You can configure the monitor with standard performance counters from multiple machines. Or you can navigate a bit further to the Performance tab and kick off a pre-built data collector set. This is a nice way to start and get an introduction to creating your own data sets. After collecting data, Windows Server 2008 R2 will prepare a report with all the pertinent information. It’s not easier to create valuable performance and utilization reports. Amongst its many functions, Windows Server 2008 lets you define event criteria and schedule when to grab performance data. And dont think you need to log on to a Windows Server 2008 server. You can install the Remote Server Administration Tools for Windows 7 and manage all Windows 2003, 2008 and Windows Server 2008 servers from the comfort of your own desk. Local Area Network (LAN) refers to the local area coverage of a computer network. In general, communication data packets which can be transmitted between any two network nodes based on broadcast transmission have been widely used in local area network at present. Not only can they be received by a network card in those two network nodes, but they can also be received by a network card in any other network node on the same Ethernet. Therefore, a hacker can track, unpack all packets and steal critical information in Ethernet when they access any node on the Ethernet. This poses security risks in Ethernet. In order to ensure local area network security. This thesis analyzes several solutions which are used firewall technology, encryption technology, network segmentation and VLAN technology. The thesis introduces three ways of establishing a preliminary LAN Protection System which are: designing a LAN structure, designing LAN security management structure and configuring a firewall. Protecting LAN from the external network In applications of Local Area Network, the intranet of independent external internet applications is widespread. In many enterprises and scientific research institutions, there are many computers which save national secrets, private customer information and important information within the company and these computers cannot connect to the Internet. The purpose of illegal external monitoring is to enable administrators to understand the status of protected environment, and thus to establish a monitoring process, timely response, and alarm for illegal external access conduct on the internal LAN, to protect the internal network security, to further take effective technical means to provide support and resolve the problem. Why we are using windows server 2008 Direct Access One particularly exciting feature in Windows Server 2008, especially as more mobile clients move to Windows 7, is Direct Access. In the past, providing secure remote access meant installing, configuring, maintaining and troubleshooting VPN connections. Speaking from personal experience and Im sure many of you will agree this was never a fun task for users or IT pros, especially when something broke. In fact, users often went out of their way to avoid VPNs, thus causing security vulnerabilities and poor productivity. With DirectAccess, remote users who have an Internet connection but dont have a VPN can use IPSec and IPv6 to securely connect to the following types of corporate resources: SharePoint sites Intranet sites File shares Line-of-business applications E-mail If an IPv6 native network isnt available which is the case for most public locations, like cafes Windows 7 will establish an IPv6 over IPv4 tunnel. You can also integrate DirectAccess with Network Access Protection to protect your corporate environment. One great benefit of DirectAccess over solutions like VPNs is that performance is enhanced, and theres no commingling of intranet and Internet traffic. With DirectAccess, these networks remain separate and distinct. If you have strong security requirements, you can also configure DirectAccess to use smartcards. I like that you can restrict DirectAccess traffic to specific servers and applications. This helps segment and optimize traffic and adds an additional layer of security. But theres another benefit to DirectAccess that anyone who manages mobile users will appreciate. Until recently, the only opportunity to properly manage or update mobile users was when they returned to the office and connected to the local network. Nobody likes this situation, and, with growing security and compliance requirements, its hardly practical. Improvements in the Group Policy Management Windows Server 2008 R2 introduces over 1,000 new Group Policy Objects specific to Windows Server 2008 R2 and Windows 7, along with several new components that expand on the core capabilities of Group Policy management that have been part of Windows 2000/2003 Active Directory. The basic functions of the Group Policy havent changed, so the Group Policy Object Editor (gpedit) and the Group Policy Management Console (GPMC) are the same, but with more options and settings available. As mentioned earlier, the Group Policy Management Console can either be run as a separate MMC tool, or it can be launched off the Features branch of the Server Manager console tree, as shown in Figure 1.7. Group policies in Windows Server 2008 R2 provide more granular management of local machines, specifically having policies that push down to a client that are different for administrator and non-administrator users. Introducing Performance and Reliability Monitoring Tools Windows Server 2008 R2 introduces new and revised performance and reliability monitoring tools intended to help network administrators better understand the health and operations of Windows Server 2008 R2 systems. Just like with the Group Policy Management Console, the new Reliability and Performance Monitor shows up as a feature in the Server Manager console The new tool keeps track of system activity and resource usage and displays key counters and system status on screen. The Reliability Monitor diagnoses potential causes of server instability by noting the last time a server was rebooted, what patches or updates were applied, and chronologically when services have failed on the system so that system faults can potentially be traced back to specific system updates or changes that occurred prior to the problem. Windows server 2008 vs. windows server 2012 The biggest key point is 2008 has been out for a long time. They have ironed out a lot of bugs and its pretty stable. Coupled with the fact that theres a ton of tutorials and troubleshooting on the web, it really has a huge amount of support available. That being said, 2008 is based on the Windows Vista platform. Its not quite like 2003 (NT or XP style and functionality) and its not quite 2012 (more like Windows 7). 2012 comes with the more current features and has been simplified quite a little bit. I havent played much with 2012 yet but from what Ive seen and done with it its pretty super bad!!! It does require a lot more on the processor and RAM side, you want to have at least 8GB of the RAM for it (at very least). Of course it depends on what youre doing too, if you want to just have a file server Id go with Free NAS or just buy a NAS device. If you want to host websites Id honestly just go with Server 12.04 (it rocks), theres a learning curve on it but its really pretty fantasti c! If youre looking to have a mail server setup (like Exchange) you could run that off of a Windows 7 workstation and stop something free like Rumble Mail. If youre looking to host games or something like that then youve got to nail down a platform first then build around it, not the other way around like most folks try to do. Finally if youre looking to do something in your home (lots of folks are for some reason) then Id just find an easy way to do it without wasting a ton of dough on the server OS. Here is the list of the things that has been lost in translation from 2008 to 2012: 1.Being able to publish both a full remote desktop session and remote apps in the same session collection is not possible. This was possible in 2008 by a single click. 2.In 2008 we used the  «Remote Control » (Shadowing) feature extensively to give customer support to our clients, this has been removed in 2012, with no apparent reason given, it’s not even mentioned anywhere, it’s just gone. 3.When using the default standard deployment and adding all the certificates in the Deployment settings, you still get a warning when connecting, since it’s not adding any certificate to the RDSH, it’s using a self signed one. This was done in  «Remote Desktop Session Host Configuration » before, but now it’s not possible using the new server manager. Have I missed it? 4.Most of our clients are still using Windows XP. In 2008 we deployed the Remote apps using MSI’s, which in addition to placing remote apps on the desktop, also added file associations. With 2012, MSI deployment is gone, so for Windows XP clients, which doesn’t have Remote app and Desktop Connections feature, they’re stuck using RD Web access, which doesn’t give you desktop icons, and doesn’t give you file associations. 5.A long awaited feature that has been announced all over the web, was the ability to pin remote app programs. This feature never made it to Windows Server 2012 RTM, without any mention as to why. Why? 6. User Profile Disks. While the idea behind this is brilliant, I believe its still far from being a mature feature: Secure data transmission When it comes to the security, secure data transmission fills out the final third of the security equation, right behind (or before, depending on how you look at it) security of data storage and security of the physical technology and the location of that technology. Assuming that youve satisfied the first two-thirds of the security equation, before setting out to secure your data during transmission, first determine the value of that data and then spend accordingly to secure it. Valuable data with little or no security can prove as costly as the invaluable data with too much unnecessary security. After determining the value of your security, consider the most appropriate options for transmitting data and then explore the various encryption methods necessary for protecting your specific data transmissions. And, finally, I cant reiterate enough that a technical solution is never the whole solution. Data originates from individuals, not from computers, so implementing strong security policies and procedures is as important as choosing all the physical and technical barriers to your data. Network Devices Internet Protocols Encryption Digital Signing Public Key Infrastructure Remote access Wireless Encryption Remote Access Remote Access is a network service in Windows Server 2012 that combines the Direct Access feature, introduced in Windows Server 2008 , and the Routing and the Remote Access Service (RRAS), into a new unified server role. In Windows Server 2008, Windows Server 2003, and Windows 2000 Server, RRAS provided the following services: Dial-up remote access server Virtual private network (VPN) remote access server Internet Protocol (IP) router for connecting subnets of a private network Network address translator (NAT) for connecting a private network to the Internet Dial-up and VPN site-to-site demand-dial router Wireless encryption WEP is the oldest,  least secure way to encrypt your Wi-Fi. Few years ago, WEP(wired equivalent privacy) developed to secure the Wi-Fi network. To a WEP-secured network. WEP will only stop the most casual of Wi-Fi users from connecting to your network. Anyone who really wants access to your network can easily gain access if you’re using WEP. There’s no reason to use WEP. If you have an very old router that only supports WEP, you should upgrade it right now. PKI The public key infrastructure assumes the use ofpublic key cryptography, which is the most common method on the Internet for authenticating a message sender or encrypting a message. Traditional  cryptography  has usually involved the creation and sharing of a  secret key  for the  encryption  and decryption of messages. This secret or private key system has the significant flaw that if the key is discovered or intercepted by someone else, messages can easily be decrypted. For this reason, public key cryptography and the public key infrastructure is the preferred approach on the Internet. The  public key  infrastructure provides for a  digital certificate  that can identify an individual or an organization and directory services that can store and, when necessary, revoke the certificates. Although the components of a PKI are generally understood, a number of different vendor approaches and services are emerging. Meanwhile, an Internet standard for PKI is being work ed on. Perimeter network security Perimeter Security is a solution where each endpoint device is responsible for its own security. Perimeter Security Protection allows companies of all the sizes to manage all their network perimeters in the office, for home working or on the road. Firewalls N A T RADIUS IIS TMG Firewall Technology The firewall is an important security technology. It is mainly consists of software and hardware devices. The firewall establishes a safety shield that is used in the intranet and extranet of a unit and enterprise or private network and public network. The firewall establishes a security gateway between Internets to prevent illegal invasion, destruction and theft of data from outside users. The firewall mainly consists of service access control rules, authentication policy and packet filtering and application gateway. From technical point of view, currently there are 2 more mature architectures of firewall: packet filtering firewall and proxy type firewall (application gateway-based). At present considering comprehensive security and low-cost, the firewall market is mainly dominated by packet filtering firewall products. (Micosoft, 2014) Internet Information Server IIS (Internet Information Server) is a group of Internet servers (including a Web or Hypertext Transfer Protocol server and afile transfer protocolserver) with additional capabilities for MicrosoftsWindows NT and windows 2000Server operating systems. IIS is Microsofts entry to compete in the Internet server market that is also addressed byapache, Sun Microsystems, OReilly, and others. With IIS, Microsoft includes a set of programs for building and administering Web sites, a search engine, and support for writing Web-based applications that accessdatabases. NAT The Internet is expanding at an exponential rate. As the amount of  information  and resources increases, it is becoming a requirement for even the smallest businesses and homes to connect to the Internet. Network Address Translation (NAT) is a method of connecting multiple computers to the Internet (or any other IP network) using one IP address. This allows home users and small businesses to connect their network to the Internet cheaply and efficiently. Manage operational security Network Security solutions includethe next generation firewall security and intrusion prevention, advanced behaviour analytics, and sophisticated threat detection engines, all designed to protect your next-generation networks. Security policies Auditing ACL Physical security Networking ACLs: On some types of proprietary computer hardware, an  Access  Control Listrefers to rules that are applied to  port numbers  or network  daemon  names that are available on a  host  or other  layer 3, each with a list of hosts and/or networks permitted to use the service. Both individual  servers  as well as  routers  can have network ACLs.  Access  control lists can generally be configured to control both inbound and outbound traffic, and in this context they are similar to  firewalls. (Quinstreet, 2014) Auditing Auditing is exactly what it sounds like — it keeps a record of things that have been modified in Active Directory. In order to track file and folder access on Windows Server 2008 it is necessary to enable file and folder auditing and then identify the files and folders that are to be audited. Once correctly configured, the server security logs will then contain information about attempts to access or otherwise manipulate the designated files and folders. It is important to note that file and folder auditing is only available for NTFS volumes. Security Policies The  IT Security Policy  is the principle document for the network security. Its goal is to outline the rules for ensuring the security of organizational assets. Employees today utilize several tools and applications to conduct the business productively. Policy that is driven from the organization’s culture supports these routines and focuses on the safe enablement of these tools to its employees. The enforcement and auditing procedures for any regulatory compliance an organization is required to meet must be mapped out in the policy as well. Conclusion As we dicussed above security is the major issue so we can make our data secure by knowing or being aware of the threats to our data. During transmission of our data we can use encryption. We can use firewalls or NAT for network security and also for managing security operations we can use auditing, security plicies or ACLs. We are using windows server 2008 because of its benefits it provides secure direct access like installing or configuring, more over it has so many improvements in group policy management and it introduces us performance and reliability monitoring tools. So from my point of view Windows server 2008 is better than Windows server 2012. Because there are so many things that i had mentioned above were in 2008 but those are not available in 2012. Bibliography Micosoft. (2014, May 09). Microsoft. Retrieved May 09, 2014, from Microsoft: www.microsoft.com Quinstreet. (2014). Quinstreet. Retrieved 05 09, 2014, from Quinstreet: www.webopedia.com Submitted by Ramandeep Kaur SidhuPage 1

Who I am hates who Ive been :: essays research papers

Just Another Face in the Crowd On September 26, 2004, I went to visit my uncle in Powder Springs, Georgia. I had gotten into some trouble at home and needed a place to get away for a few weeks. As time passed, those few weeks turned into five months and my get away destination turned into the place I now call home. I never thought when I went for a visit that I would live there permanently. It never crossed my mind that moving was probably the smartest decision that I have ever made. Before I moved to Georgia, I was perfectly content to wait tables for the rest of my life. As long as I had enough money to keep up with my cell phone bill, pay for my tanning membership each month, and buy a new pair of jeans every now and then I was happy. My childhood dreams of becoming a dancer or a doctor had somehow been pushed to the back of my mind. I was an expert at giving my parents one hundred and one logical reasons why I did not need to go to college, or get a better paying job. I lacked ambition and the desire to be anything more than the people I was around everyday. All of that changed when I moved to Georgia. Instead of being surrounded by people content with just getting by, I was surrounded by hard- working, ambitious people. Instead of living for the moment, they work today and plan for tomorrow. Being around these people as caused me to want more from life than to just survive. I want to thrive. I had lived in Florida ever since I was two years old. By the time I was seventeen I knew enough people to feel secure with my circle of friends. I never felt the need to reach out and make new friends. I felt safe with the group I had been with for so long, and besides, making new friends took to much effort. Moving to a completely different state completely altered my way of thinking. I was faced with a choice. I could either keep to myself and not make any friends or I could step out and be a friend to people I had never met before. I had never liked being alone so I chose to step out and the results were rewarding.

Illegal Immigrants: A Modern Day Grapes of Wrath Essays -- Mexican immi

As depicted in John Steinbeck's novel Grapes of Wrath the 1930's was a time when migrant workers like the story's Joad family had to leave their homes, cross a perilous desert, live through the social injustices of the time, and work at jobs with low insufficient pay just to have a better life (Steinbeck). Seventy years later, the situations and experiences stay the same but the people are no longer native-born Americans but illegal immigrants who sacrifice everything to come to the United States to live a better life, as a result of that the 500,000 immigrants that illegally enter the United States through the Mexican border annually and stay in the country are the Joads of today (Aizenman). In the Grapes of Wrath the Joad family had to abandon their home and memories and cross the dessert by car to reach to their new life and the jobs that wait for them. The journey was not easy for the Joads or for any of the other migrant workers; consistently the journey for illegal immigrants is no different today. Contrary to popular belief, not all immigrants crossing the border are Mexican; while the majority is Mexican the immigrants are also from the rest of Latin America. The second largest groups of immigrants that cross the border are from El Salvador, other countries include Guatemala, and Colombia (fairus.org). The migrant workers of the 1930’s had the benefit of cars, however since cars are too noticeable by border patrol an immigrant has to walk the whole length (Garcà ­a). Walking the desert between the U.S and Mexico is the hardest way of crossing. An immigrant has to cross when the heat is not as strong and walk miles without rest (National Geographic). All th e walking without rest makes the immigrants very tired and dehydrated... ...They left their home traveled the hot roads of Route 66, and arrived at a place where they were underpaid but made the best of what they had. The immigrants crossing the border into the United States had to leave the majority of their family, walk through deserts, swim through rivers, and ride on trains so they could work below the minimum wage, be looked down upon and be excluded from the benefits of the country they so dearly wanted to reach. Human nature is to survive and to look for the best, and as John Steinbeck wrote on the Grapes of Wrath â€Å"Man, unlike any other thing organic or inorganic in the universe, grows beyond his work, walks up the stairs of his concepts, emerges ahead of his accomplishments† (204). This quote, like the experiences and situations, remains the same for the migrant workers of the 1930’s and the illegal immigrants of the 21st Century.

Analyze 3 different newspaper articles Essay

In this piece of coursework I am going to analyze 3 different newspaper articles. The articles are taken from ‘The Mirror,’ ‘The Times’ and ‘Newsweek’ All three articles are about the same event, they are just portrayed in the different ways. The articles are about a jet cutting through a cable car wire allowing the cable cars to plummet to the ground, killing 20 people. The incident happened on the 3rd of February 1998, Cavalese, Northern Italy, on Alpe Cermis. The first two articles from ‘The Mirror’ and ‘The Times’ are reporting the story where as Newsweek is reflecting on the accident, Newsweek also issues the story a week and a half late, therefore cannot report the facts but reflect on them. Newsweek doesn’t contain that much information on what actually happened in Cavalese, it skips over the details of the accident and seems to be more about what Europe, and in particular Italy are concerned about. The Mirror article tends to leave certain facts out, such as the time it occurred, which is included in The Times account. Newsweek provided no date of the event but say ‘last week’ The Times article is definitely more factual as it contains a lot more technical jargon than The Mirror. It includes information about the U. S. fighter jet – â€Å"The Prowler is used to jam enemy signals electronically†¦. † none of which is found in The Mirror article, Newsweek also contains information about the fighter jet and also information about the military issues between America and Italy. The Mirror account includes a greater amount of detail, by listing the names of each of the witnesses alongside their quotations. In The Times, it tends to be vague and just use the term â€Å"one witness said†. Newsweek uses quotes from military officials and local authorities. The Times and Newsweek’s report relies heavily on official interviews rather than the passers by which The Mirror relies upon. The Mirror also includes more quotations from the witnesses than The Times does. Newsweek does not use any quotations or interviews from eye-witnesses at the scene. Both The Mirror and The Times specify who the victims were – â€Å"9 women, 10 men and 1 child†. And also their nationalities – â€Å"at least 6 were German, 2 Hungarian and 2 Polish. † This causes a greater sympathy because it makes the deaths seem more important and more in depth. But Newsweek says â€Å"20 tourists from seven European countries† but it is reported it is only tourists from 3 different European countries. Even the sub-headline says that ‘Europe questions America’s character’. This all starts to confuse the reader and so does not give an accurate picture of the incident. The words used also try to disagree with the facts of the incident. Words like ‘griped’ and ‘claimed’ both suggest that there was nothing wrong and everyone was ‘ganging up’ against America. In The Times, the witness interviewed is not British, so the Times keeps the story international. An unreasonable complaint is made in the first line, which may show their guilt: â€Å"Cavalese had griped about the fighter jets that regularly roar up their Alpine river valley. † In addition to this the paper attempts diluting the blame by saying that the fighter jets were just â€Å"hot-dogging†, also claiming that the Italian authorities condone low-flying: â€Å"Italian military officials routinely defended low level flights†¦ † Finally, the last paragraph of the report supplies an extravagantly tenuous link: â€Å"The pope had personally pleaded for the convicted murderer to be pardoned. † This is designed to conceal. All three articles made use of interviews, but the manner in which they were used differed; For example in The Mirror, a British couple, Neil Harmar and his girlfriend, Stacey O’Donnell, gave a lengthy interview and informed us that they â€Å"missed the second car by minutes. † They said that â€Å"all hell let loose† and stated that they were â€Å"shook up. † Furthermore, they described the village as being in a state of â€Å"complete pandemonium. † The couple reiterated how thankful they were that they â€Å"missed that car,† and the fact that they were â€Å"incredibly lucky to be alive. † Even though the British couple did not provide a lot of information about the incident itself, they did help to describe the atmosphere and their feelings on the situation. The British couple were interviewed primarily because of the fact that they were British; the target audience of this British paper are British people, therefore, the majority of people would be interested in hearing about events concerning British citizens. All three articles had interviews with people who possessed various details about the aircraft prior to it hitting the cable car wire. In The Mirror, this interview was quite brief. Cristina Antoniazzi, the owner of a nearby hotel, said that she â€Å"heard and saw a plane flying at a very low level. † This message was also present in an interview in The Times. An anonymous witness said that the jet had â€Å"seemed† to have â€Å"technical trouble,† and described the jet as â€Å"screaming through the sky† like a â€Å"thing in torment. † Another source in The Times also stated that the jet had been flying â€Å"very, very low. † All three of these interviews were supplied using direct speech. In contrast, the interview in Newsweek was given using reported speech- Italy’s Air Force chief, Mario Arpino, said that the Prowler was â€Å"four miles off course† and was also flying â€Å"3,300 feet below the altitude designated in the flight plan. † These particular interviews were used in order to provide an image of the events immediately before the plane hit the cable car. Each article also had interviews with people who objected to low flying by the Americans. In The Mirror, Regional President, Carlo Andreotti, was quoted as saying â€Å"We’ve had enough of these war games’ The headline of The Mirrors article is, ’20 skiers killed as jet slices cable car wire’ The writer has used the word ‘skiers’ to create more sympathy to the people that died as it shows that they were just innocent people on holiday who wanted to have a good time. The headline says ‘killed’ as to imply it was not totally accidental and could have been prevented, it also shows it was unprovoked. It also says ‘slices’ as this makes the incident sound more violent and deliberate and gives the reader the idea that there was no chance for the skiers inside the cable car. The article also has a few more presentational devices which the broadsheet the times does not. It has a subtitle ‘Brits tell of horror in snow’ which relates to the reader as they will be British too and will want to know what this ‘horror’ is. The first paragraph is in bold, which shows it is different from the rest of the article because it is there to sum up the rest of the article. The article has a box with a quote in it ‘It opened up like a cardboard box’ This would attract attention to the article if the reader was flicking through the newspaper and would want to know more. At the end of the article there is a big bullet point which contains a fact about cable car accidents. This article uses language to create a much more emotional impact than The Times as it says things like, ‘They were killed instantly when the car was ripped apart ‘like a cardboard box’. Using this metaphor is very effective as it makes the people inside seem totally helpless and creates a lot of sympathy for them. They also say, â€Å"Rescuers found now survivors amid the tangled wreckage and bloodstained snow. † I think this is a very effective paragraph and it creates an atmosphere of destruction and complete devastation. A graphical picture of the event in The Mirror lets the readers visualize what the scene of the accident was like, using essential details and words so that the reader can effortlessly understand the unpleasant incident. The Mirror also provides a photographical image of the scene and annotates it using dramatic words such as ‘doomed. ‘ The Times shows a map of the area where the event was situated, making readers aware of the location of the tourist venue. And the image of the EA-6B Prowler shows readers the cause of the tragedy. The main image above the text is eye catching in the way it shows workers trying to rescues any survivors. Newsweek not using any pictures, but a headline that will catch attention ‘Blood on the Snow. ‘ The sub-heading in a box of two lines standing out making the reader aware of what the article is about. In conclusion the news was best portrayed in The Mirror, it provided names of witnesses making the news much more reliable, and British citizens used as witnesses was also a good way to grad attention of British readers.

Respect Essay

Respect Respect can be defined as a positive feeling of esteem for a person or entity. It denotes the regard and consideration shown by an individual towards others. Respect cannot be demanded, it is an asset that has to be earned. From the very childhood kids are taught to respect their parents, elders, teachers and an unending list of social obligations. But an ambiguity arises when the teachings do no match the practical experiences. Children find it hard to respect certain persons or the same person in differing situations, viz.If a parent generally behaves positively with the children, it is normal for the child to reciprocate and show the same behaviour. But the anomaly arises when a parent confront or scold the child to make him understand a certain thing. The child wants to reciprocate his behaviour but the parent defies his behaviour and tells the child to respect him. Here the respect is tried to be imposed and not earned. This is a contradiction to respect. Nobody can earn respect by suppression or by flaunting power.It is a deliberate action that cannot be forced upon others. There is an individualistic form of respect also, which is well known as self-respect. If an individual cannot respect himself, he cannot respect any other person. A feeling of worth and rational judgement gives rise to self respect. Respect plays a roll in our every day lives. When we go to school, there's respect. When we go to a restaurant, there's respect. When you go to your family reunion, there is respect. You may not notice it, but that's only because they are being respectful to you .If your not respectful then you will be disrespected because your being mean. So you should always be respectful to others so they will treat you the way you want to be treated. If you are respectful to others then you can get good jobs because they'll like you. The better the job is the better your life will be in the future, and trust me you want a good and happy future. Jobs will get yo u money for your great future. So always try to advance to a higher paying job. So respect can do lots of things that will help us with our future.So never stop caring! Respect isn't the only right thing to do, but is also the best way to make a lot of friends. You being respectful will help you from being depressed from loneliness. You should be honest, kid, nice, gentle, relaxed, and happy to make friends. The word respect is a word to summarize all of the things above and plenty more. Things like being quite while someone is talking, or not bothering someone when they're in bad mood. I see respect all the time, that's what makes every thing so easy to do and no one gets sad.If I ever saw someone get knocked over and there stuff is on the ground scattered all over, I would definitely help him pick it up. Because other wise I would feel bad watching them pick it up all by themselves. Always treat others the way you would want to be treated. This way you will be respected and loved. My definition of respect is being nice, generous, and helpful. Because all of those things can be the best things to do if you want to be respectful, which you should always be. So next time I talk in class out of turn, I will remember this five page essay on respect.

Plot Analysis

In her ground-breaking play â€Å"A Raisin in the Sun,† Lorraine Hansberry challenged widespread cultural conceptions about African Americans.By focusing her play on stark realism, Hansberry was able to create a play which, in both theme   and technical execution, offered something radically different than the portrayal of American life typically seen on Broadway stages in the mid twentieth century.The impact of the play, both visually and   textually, on American audiences was visceral and controversial. Hansberry relied on depicting vastly disparate emotional states and conditions for her characters, as well as enticing her audience to experience the world of her characters with as much empathy as possible.The play's opening, for example, establishes that the Younger family is waiting for a ten-thousand dollar insurance check to arrive after the death of the family's father.The fact that the family is so steeped in poverty that each of them concocts elaborate schemes and ideas of how to spend the money before it even arrives, grips the reader or alert audience member with emotion and concern.   The â€Å"intrusion† of the expected money also begins the tension in the play and drives the conflicts between the play's characters., most notably between Mama and Walter Lee.In order to engage the audience, and to cause them to identify with the Youngers, Hansberry uses the device of realism, which includes the construction of a one-room apartment set, complete with all the trappings of poverty: cramped quarters, worn furniture and carpets, and a conspicuous lack of privacy.Before the audience has even begun to grasp the events of the   play, they are immediately aware of the family's dire financial situation.The shock of the set at a purely visual and spatial level communicates the Youngers' distress to the audience.   Teh ensuing emotional tension between Mama and her son is meant to show that the external attributes of poverty have corresp onding emotional and psychological impacts and have extended to the relationships between the characters.By the end of the opening scene, the reader or audience member knows that great hope and expectation has been pinned by the family on the insurance money and many readers or spectators of the play would probably intuit that the family's emotional crisis goes far beyond anything which can be repaired with money.The idea is to advance the plot in a realistic manner so that the audience or reader not only experiences the events of the play but feels the emotional resonance which is intended to be a part of the event which are portrayed.   In order to accomplish this, every aspect of the play, not only the plot, are steeped in realism.One element of dramatic technique that enables Hansberry to successfully create a dynamic and realistic drama is her use of vernacular in the play's dialogue.Unlike the blank-verse constructions of Shakespeare, or the witticism of Oscar Wilde, or even the dreamy musings of Tennessee Williams, Hansberry delivers the dialogue of â€Å"A Raisin in the Sun† in colloquial language and this aspect of them play enhances the play's verisimilitude.The realism of the play then causes the audience to more closely identify with the play's characters and plot, and each of these aspects of the play helps to communicate the important sociological and racial themes that drive â€Å"A Raisin in the Sun.†This attention to realism and detail is important to the play's plot, also, because as the vents of the play unfold, the reader is drawn more deeply into an emotional connection with the characters because the characters seem for all intents and purposes to be actual people who face actual, real-life struggles.As the plot progresses, the insurance check actually arrives and in their haste to be a controlling interest in the spending of the money, each of the Youngers manages to ignore the others emotional needs in pursuit of persona l materialistic dreams.When Mama decides to use the money to move the family to a white neighborhood, a further sense of doom pervades th action as the Youngers fall further into emotional discord.Throughout the progression of the plot, the play's dialogue leaves an opening for the emotional outpouring which is markedly absent from the (seemingly banal) progression of events.Hansberry's dialogue, in fact, becomes a key driving force of the play's ultimate revelatory impact on the audience. As the play progresses and the characters become more clearly defined with motivations that the audience can identify with (or despise)   the dialect of the play begins to attain a lyrical uniqueness — a vocal music which was unlike any other play on the Broadway stage of the time.Lines such as â€Å"Seem like God didn’t see fit to give the black man nothing but dreams†¦.’† (29) or â€Å"â€Å"There is always something left to love. And if you ain’t lear ned that, you ain’t learned nothing†¦.†(135) attain the status of aphorism in the context of the play and divulge important social and racial realities that, for most Americans in the mid-twentieth century, existed, if at all, as merely si-debar newspaper articles or in some other abstract realization.Hansberry's play, through its fierce and relentless realism, coupled with its themes of yearning and dreaming seemed to marry the â€Å"American ideal† to the â€Å"American nightmare† in a verbally original and thematically cathartic fashion, elevating the dialogue of racial issues in America to a place of cultural acceptance.Simultaneously, the play's plot moves in an arc of excited expectation to dissolution of dreams while expressing the internal progressions of the characters with a portrayal of external events.When Mrs. Johnson tells the Youngers about a black family that was bombed because they moved into a white neighborhood, the audience feels t he dream of Mama's to live in a better neighborhood deflating.The audience realizes that money, alone, despite the naivete with which the Youngers regard its power, will do little, perhaps nothing, to change the misery of their lives.The Youngers have regarded money and the future hope of what it may bring with a sort of â€Å"exotic† hopefulness which, in its perceived futility during the vents of the play, should cause emotional frustration and dissonance in the reader and in the the audience.This dissonance reflects the same dissonance which exists between the Younger's dreams and their actual position in the world.By combining a realistic set with realistic dialogue, a kind of exoticism was reached by Hansberry, through the depiction of extreme poverty and want, which is a powerful force in granting the play unity of theme, place, and time in keeping with Aristotle's theories of dramatic construction in his Poetics.This latter attribute helps ground the play in the tradit ional dramatic structure which off-sets the aforementioned â€Å"exoticism† of the play's set and characters.Despite the reluctance for most Americans in the late 50's and early 60's to face the racially based challenges of that era, â€Å"A Raisin in the Sun† demonstrated, through creative expression, the urgency of the plight of African Americans in a racist society.The play's climax, when it is decided that — despite the conflicts and hardships that the money has caused —   that Mama's plan to move to a new neighborhood will go through, exerts a sense of hopefulness in the face of manifested obstacles (and potential violence) which seems to suggest that optimism, ambition, and â€Å"togetherness† can weather storms and find fulfillment despite the truth of prejudice and poverty.However, a close reading of the play is just as likely to reveal in the reader, a sense that the Youngers are simply caught in a vicious cycle of hope and despair and t hat with each new breath of hope a corresponding crush of bad luck or ill-fortune will be experienced.   It is not fitting to say that the play, therefore, has a â€Å"happy† ending, but simply an ending which reflects an unending cycle of hope against an equally unending series of obstacles.Work Cited  Hansberry, Lorraine. A Raisin in the Sun. Random House, New York. 1959

Personal Account of a Woman in the American Revolution

I was a woman who had lived during the boisterous era of the American Revolution. It was a time when not only men were needed to gain the most coveted American independence from Britain.One might wonder how a woman with no weapons or battle skills could contribute in the realization of American independence. As a woman of the 18th century, I was an ordinary housewife tending to my husband who was continuously fighting in battle against the British. I was always following him just as any woman and wife did for their men in battle. My husband’s task was to load the cannon so the gunner could fire a shot towards the British army.One fateful day, I saw how my husband was killed by a gunshot which ultimately ended his life. I was there trying to mend his wounds despite the fact that he was already dead. While I was in the middle of finding a place where I could place my husband safely in the barracks, the gunner summoned me to load the cannons.Everything was happening so fast that I had no time to think about my dead husband’s body. All I wanted to do was to fight for what he died for. I hurried to the cannon as fast as I could and loaded the cannon. It was not an easy job to lift cannon balls, but the raging adrenalin in my system helped me throughout.The cannon loading went on for a week until they finally found a more capable man to replace me. Afterwards, I was given the task to tend to the American soldiers. I cooked for them, washed their clothes, attended to their medical needs, and cleaned their wounds. We were like nurses and housewives in one who provided all the basic needs that our soldiers called for.It might have seemed like a simple job to take care of these wounded men as they have fought and died for the country’s liberty. However, one thing is for certain. The Declaration of Independence would not have existed without the full support and love of women in the American Revolution.

Power In Death And The Maiden English Literature Essay

Power is defined as a ownership of control, authorization or influence over others. Power unfairnesss have been in being throughout the history of humanity and the ways of manifestation evolved from utmost to subtle, subjugation. This thought can be seen in the dramas Lysistrata by Aristophanes and in Death and the Maiden by Ariel Dorfman. In Lysistrata, the supporter, Lysistrata, does n't desire to see Greece rupture itself apart while in Death and the Maiden the supporter Paulina wishes to take retaliation on person she believes tortured her many old ages ago. Both Lysistrata and Paulina find themselves experiencing powerless within a society which sees them as something to be conquered. Through the usage of gender, both adult females are able to derive power and utilize it to asseverate themselves within society nevertheless, whether or non they reach their ends is dependent on what issue characters wish to work out, an issue with society or an issue with themselves. Both Paulina and Lysistrata believed that they required power to make their ends, ends that could ne'er be achieved in their former place in society, a 2nd category citizen. In Death and the Maiden, Paulina wishes to penalize who she thinks tortured her, Roberto. She required power in order to pull strings her hubby, Gerardo, to play along with her â€Å" game † and she believed that the power to instil fright in Roberto would convey her strength to penalize him and convey closing to her life. However, Roberto keeps seeking to state her that killing him will ne'er convey the closing that she wanted. The deductions from slaying him will farther attest the job and the emotions that come with it. Paulina responds be stating â€Å" And why does it ever have to be people like me who have to give, why we are ever the 1s who have to do grants when something has to be conceded [ aˆÂ ¦ ] † ( Dorfman 66 ) . She keeps inquiring the inquiry â€Å" why? † and this shows the audience all the emotions that have been bottled up over the old ages are rupturing her apart. This is a major turning point for her as a character, whether she will forgive Roberto, kill him, or allow him travel. Either manner she understands that with or without her power, no affair what she tries to make she will ne'er hold a piece of head. On the other manus Lysistrata is able to accomplish her end through the usage of her gained power. After the dialogues she declared â€Å" Well gentlemen, so it ‘s all merrily settled. [ †¦ ] And allow us for the hereafter all endeavour Not to reiterate our mistakes, ne'er of all time! † ( Aristophanes 191 ) . Lysistrata was successful at making her ends utilizing the power she had gained because she had the support of all the adult females in Greece while Paulina merely had herself. Lysistrata ‘s declaration is anticlimactic and unlike Paulina ‘s duologue. Although Lysistrata reached her end of doing peace, s he simply falls back into her function of being a adult female nevertheless throughout the drama Lysistrata used a more serious tone than the other adult females and is portrayed as being smarter than the other adult females. Unlike in Death and the Maiden, Paulina is portrayed as weak, baffled, and interrupt up emotionally. Paulina ‘s bravery seen in the drama stemmed from choler. This simply created an semblance of a strong and powerful individual. Whether the adult females reached their ends or non, the dramas shows the reader that power to command and pull strings others will ne'er be able to work out struggle and hurting from within oneself nevertheless power to assist a big group in society will decidedly hold an ageless impact. Both Paulina and Lysistrata are able to derive power and utilize it to asseverate themselves within society nevertheless, Paulina was non able to make her end because power can non wipe out memories and emotions that everlastingly changed us. However, Lysistrata wants to assist society as a whole and this allows her to derive support from the adult females of Greece. Paulina was merely a tattered individual seeking the terminal a chapter of her life that she will ne'er bury while Lysistrata wanted to stop a war that had no terminal in sight and taken countless lives. By understanding the ends of the characters every bit good as their mentality, we can do proper opinion on our ain society. If a homo is given the proper environment to develop and boom, people wouldn`t be seeking retaliation on those that did them wrong. Besides people wouldn`t have to contend for their sentiments to do an influence in society because society would accept them. Humans experience growing in different way s at peculiar points in our lives but the chief underlining similarities allows the species to assist one another advancement through the adversities faced in life. Otherwise every individual would merely decompose in the shadows of what they could hold been and what they wished they had done. By understanding the power plays with the supporters, it can be applied to heighten the developments of our ain characters and hopefully society. Word Count: 1320

Leisure travel and tourism Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Leisure travel and tourism - Assignment Example Local tavern is an inn for travelers. Tourist from all over the world requires a place for chilling and hangout. The history of local tavern has influenced the growth of travel industry. Cruising is the faster growing segment of adventure travel. Since 1980, the annual growth rate of the cruise industry has increased to 8%. The cruise itinerary, facilities and the onboard service are main elements of cruise experience. American Society of travel Agents is a trade association and leading global advocate for the travel industry. It is the world’s largest association which provides enhanced professionalism and effective representation for selling travel products. Examples of hotel amenities are internet access, kitchen facilitates, towels, personal items, dining, etc. hotel services is the service provided to the customer by staffs. It can also be regarded as the maintenance of hospitality with guests. Exhibition is the organization presentation which denotes the idea of display and showing of selected items. Fair is the display of goods or trade produce to the gathered people. It denotes the idea of selling, displaying and entertainment. Sustainability is how forests and healthy wetlands remain productive and diverse. It is something to take initiatives instantly without thinking the future potential for people. Sustainable activity can continue forever. Wine tasting is the sensory examination of perceiving the aroma and flavors of a wine. This increases sensory senses and lead to healthy and fit body. Safari is a journey to hunt or observe animals. The increase of fitness and healthy emotional balance is due to long

Examining Ethical Controversies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Examining Ethical Controversies - Essay Example This has shaped our attitudes towards an ethical or moral problem and we usually assume that the arbiter of the dispute, be it the judiciary or the government or any other dispute resolution mechanism would look at both sides of the issue and come out with a balanced verdict. However, there is another school of thought that states that â€Å"one side can be totally wrong† in an ethical dilemma. If one takes this statement at face value, we would be giving in to one side of the debate. However, ignoring it would mean that we may unwittingly play into the hands of one side that is obstructionist and fundamentalist. If we can apply this to the debate over intelligent design vs. creationism, we would find that the advocates of intelligent design may have got it wrong. Thus, one side can be totally wrong in their assessment of the situation. This is the first learning that I have made when it comes to evaluating ethical controversies. The next point relates to the so-called â€Å"moral hazard†. This is a term that has been applied to the recent bailout of banks and wall street operators by the government. Thus, the line of argument goes that one cannot let the perpetrators of the unethical lending practices walk away without paying the price. The other side of the debate is that the whole financial system is at risk. Thus, this question over the morals of punishing the few or saving the many would let us think about the whole issue of whether the oversight that is required was missing in the first place. Thus, the second learning is that regulators and the government officials in charge of overseeing fair practices have a lot to do and in this case, answer for. When we consider the right to die or the argument for Euthanasia, we charter into territories where the person who is administering the drug that would kill the terminally ill patient is â€Å"playing god†. This was particularly evident in the debate over Terry Schivaio. My take on this would be that

English - reflection Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

English - reflection - Essay Example An invention that makes its place in the lives of individuals does not get shunned out unless it is proved to have highly dangerous effects. Therefore, David Suzuki condemns the usage of technology without being sure about its safety and possible side effects. He gave the example of the usage of DDT that is used to eradicate mosquitoes from the environment. Its usage has caused such a diverse range of effects that never could have been predicted by the scientists, for example its concentration in different living things when transferred up in the food chain (biomagnifications), the accumulation of it in shell glands of the birds that causes the thinning of the egg shell, affects of oral contraceptives on women etc. He condemned the latest technologies by stating, â€Å"technological innovations have had detrimental side effects that eventually outweighed their benefits† (347). In his article, he proposed a wishful proposition of appointing certain number of people from the soc iety as representatives who can assess the benefits and cost of any technology before its common usage and decide if it is hazardous or not. The cost and benefit analysis should be done in an unbiased manner with the aim of judging its effects on all living things.

Sustainable Development Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Sustainable Development - Essay Example This paper seeks to discuss how the potential impacts of climate change affect approaches to development and sustainability. Climate change and sustainable development relate in that; climate change is a natural science, driven process while sustainable development is a social and political science, driven process. The impacts of climate change have interfered with the approach towards sustainable development; this is because the discussions on the global context features issues of adaptation concerns while the impacts of climate change take place at the local level. Communities from different geographical areas, which experience drastic effects of climate change, should participate in the implementation process of international policy that is directed towards development and sustainability. Understandably, enough the impact of climate change, which essentially brings about social inequalities, can only be addressed if equity and justice are observed when implementing remedial measur es. An immediate mobilization of political and financial wills, to address climate change is not possible since the impacts of climate change are not readily felt or experienced. ... The above issues are problems in developing countries because of their â€Å"climate sensitive economies and concentrations of urban poor† (Osbahr 3). The impact of climate change affects the natural resources, which developing countries rely on for survival, and thus hinders the approaches geared towards development and sustainability. The impact of climate change has made livelihoods come up with multiple ways that would aid in bringing about sustainable development. A further analysis reveals that the autonomous adaptation designed to instigate sustainable development is inhibited with issues of â€Å"poverty, poor infrastructure and market opportunities†, these are impacts of climate change. It is important for national government eyeing to implement adaptive strategies that will enhance sustainable development to learn from local experiences. Additionally, impacts in climate change call for studies to be conducted with the objective of establishing how best adaptiv e strategies would work. The study is conducted by asking the question â€Å"is it possible to characterize successful adaptation actions that reduce livelihood and community vulnerability to climate-related disaster and climate change and variability?† (Osbahr 8). The extent to which a livelihood will cope and adapt depends on the vulnerability of the livelihood to the climate change. Furthermore, the results realized from the adaptive projects should reduce the impact on climate change, not reduce the chances of sustainable development. For instance, â€Å"success should reduce risks, not reduce future options, and build livelihood resilience† (Osbahr 8). Sustainable